lowering / subsidence
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lowering
The process by which something (e.g., a level, a price, a temperature) is moved downward or reduced.
Die Absenkung des Bordsteins erleichtert Rollstuhlfahrern den Zugang.
The lowering of the curb makes access easier for wheelchair users.
'Die Absenkung' (the lowering / subsidence) is a noun derived from the verb 'absenken' (to lower). The ending '-ung' turns the action of lowering into a feminine noun that describes the process or the result.
Die Absenkung des Wasserspiegels dauerte mehrere Tage.
The lowering of the water level took several days.
To say what is being lowered, you usually use the genitive or the preposition 'von' with the dative. Both constructions are correct.
Die Regierung plant eine Absenkung der Steuern.
The government is planning a lowering of taxes.
The meaning of the word depends heavily on context. If you are talking about prices, temperatures, or levels, a reduction is meant. If you are talking about ground or terrain, a physical depression is meant.
Die Absenkung der Leitzinsen soll die Wirtschaft beleben.
The lowering of key interest rates is intended to stimulate the economy.
increase / rise
'die Erhöhung' and 'die Absenkung' form a contrast when something goes up or down. 'Die Erhöhung' means that a value, amount, or level rises. It can also refer to a higher place in the terrain. 'Die Absenkung' means that a level, a price, or a temperature becomes lower. It can also be a depression in the ground. With numbers or levels, the simple guide is: 'Erhöhung' goes upward, 'Absenkung' goes downward.
Zu Hause bemerkt sie eine kleine Absenkung im Boden neben der Tür.
At home, she notices a small depression in the floor next to the door.
Zur Vorbereitung auf den Termin sammle ich alle Informationen zur Erhöhung der Gebühren.
To prepare for the appointment, I am gathering all the information about the increase in fees.