less / minus
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less
A preposition indicating that an amount or quantity is subtracted from a total; after deduction of.
Sie erhalten den vollen Preis abzüglich einer Bearbeitungsgebühr von 10 Euro zurückerstattet.
You will be refunded the full price less a processing fee of 10 euros.
The word is closely related to the verb 'abziehen' (to subtract). 'Abzüglich' (less/minus) literally means 'after something has been deducted' and is often used in financial or commercial contexts.
Wenn man die Kosten abzieht, bleibt nicht viel Gewinn übrig.
If you subtract the costs, not much profit remains.
Formally, 'abzüglich' (less) is correctly used with the genitive. In everyday language, however, especially when the genitive is not clearly recognizable, the dative is very often used.
Der Preis versteht sich abzüglich des Sonderrabatts. (Genitiv, formal)
The price is understood as less the special discount. (genitive, formal)
'Abzüglich' (less/minus) belongs more to written language and is often used in formal contexts such as invoices, contracts, or offers. It sounds more formal than the simple word 'minus'.
Ihr Gehalt beträgt 3.000 Euro brutto abzüglich Steuern und Sozialabgaben.
Your salary is 3,000 euros gross less taxes and social security contributions.
minus
Minus and abzüglich can both indicate an amount that is subtracted from a total. Minus directly represents the mathematical subtraction, while abzüglich usually sounds more formal and introduces the deduction of a specific item. Abzüglich is especially common in bills or price statements.
Der Pullover kostet 80 Euro, abzüglich 10 Euro Rabatt.
The sweater costs 80 euros, less a 10-euro discount.
Der Pullover kostet 80 Euro minus 10 Euro Rabatt.
The sweater costs 80 euros minus a 10-euro discount.
