altar
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altar
A table-like structure in a church or temple that serves as a central place for religious ceremonies such as the Eucharist or offerings.
Das Brautpaar kniete vor dem Altar für den Segen.
The bridal couple knelt before the altar for the blessing.
The word 'Altar' (altar) comes from the Latin 'altus', which means 'high'. An altar is therefore literally an 'elevated place' for rituals, which explains its central and visible position in a church.
Der Priester stand am erhöhten Altar und sprach das Gebet.
The priest stood at the elevated altar and said the prayer.
Whether a religious or private altar is meant can be recognized from the location. Phrases like 'in der Kirche' (in the church) or 'im Tempel' (in the temple) point to the religious meaning, while 'zu Hause' (at home) or 'im Wohnzimmer' (in the living room) point to a private memorial place.
Der Altar in der Kathedrale ist reich verziert.
The altar in the cathedral is richly decorated.
The expressions 'vor den Altar treten' (to walk down the aisle/get married) or 'jemanden vor den Altar führen' (to lead someone to the altar/marry someone) are figurative expressions for 'heiraten' (to get married). They are often used in a more formal or solemn context.
Nach zehn Jahren Beziehung treten sie endlich vor den Altar.
After ten years together, they are finally getting married.
In a religious context, one stands or kneels 'vor dem Altar' (before the altar; dative). An action that takes place directly at the altar is often described with 'am Altar' (at the altar; dative).
Die Gemeinde versammelte sich vor dem Altar.
The congregation gathered before the altar.
monument / landmark
'das Denkmal' and 'der Altar' can both be places or objects where people remember someone or venerate something. A 'Denkmal' is usually public and commemorates a person or a historical event. An 'Altar' is more of a special place for a ritual, veneration, or remembrance; in churches, it is a central religious place. The words can be confused when an altar is also set up for remembrance. Still, you say 'Denkmal' when public remembrance is the main focus, and 'Altar' when ritual or venerating use is more important.
Nach dem Unglück stellten die Menschen Kerzen und Blumen auf einen kleinen Altar.
After the accident, people placed candles and flowers on a small altar.
Auf dem Platz wurde ein Denkmal für eine bekannte Dichterin errichtet.
A monument to a well-known poet was erected in the square.