to be pending / to endure
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to be pending
To not yet be completed, delivered, or paid; to be delayed. Often refers to a reply, a decision, or a payment.
Die Bestätigung für den Auftrag steht immer noch aus.
The confirmation for the order is still pending.
'Ausstehen' is a separable verb. In a main clause, the prefix 'aus' stands at the end of the sentence. In subordinate clauses or in the infinitive, the verb stays together.
Eine Antwort vom Unternehmen steht noch aus.
A reply from the company is still pending.
You can recognize the meaning from the sentence structure. If the verb stands alone, it is often about something that is missing (e.g. a reply). The expression 'nicht ausstehen können' (can't stand) expresses dislike. With an object like 'Schmerzen' (pain), it means 'ertragen' (to endure).
Die Lieferung steht seit letzter Woche aus.
The delivery has been pending since last week.
The meaning 'not to like' is used almost exclusively in the fixed expression 'jemanden/etwas nicht ausstehen können' (to be unable to stand someone/something). The verb 'können' (can) is necessary here.
Seit dem Streit kann er seinen Kollegen nicht mehr ausstehen.
Since the argument, he can no longer stand his colleague.
In the meaning 'not yet completed', 'ausstehen' (to be pending) is often used with impersonal things. Typical examples are: a reply, a payment, a decision, or a verdict is pending.
Die Zahlung der Miete für diesen Monat steht noch aus.
The rent payment for this month is still pending.
In the meaning 'ertragen' (to endure), the verb is combined with very negative experiences. Typical objects are: pain, torment, or fears.
Während ihrer Krankheit musste sie schreckliche Schmerzen ausstehen.
During her illness, she had to endure terrible pain.
to be absent / to be missing
'fehlen' and 'ausstehen' can both say that something is not there yet or not finished yet. 'fehlen' is used more generally when something is not present or when you need it. 'ausstehen' fits better for things that still have to be completed, decided, delivered, or paid. Learners may confuse the words because in both cases something is still open. As a practical rule: if something is simply not there, you usually say 'fehlen'. If you are still waiting for a reply, payment, or decision, 'ausstehen' sounds more precise.
Die Entscheidung über den neuen Termin steht noch aus.
The decision about the new date is still pending.
Für den Bericht fehlen noch zwei wichtige Zahlen.
Two important figures are still missing for the report.