management / cultivation / rationing
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cultivation / management
The planned use and care of land, especially agricultural or forestry areas, with the aim of producing yields.
Die Bewirtschaftung des Waldes erfolgt nach nachhaltigen Prinzipien.
The management of the forest is carried out according to sustainable principles.
'Die Bewirtschaftung' is the nominalization of the verb 'bewirtschaften' (to manage, cultivate, or operate). It describes the act of using and operating something, such as land or a restaurant, in a planned way.
Er bewirtschaftet den Hof seiner Eltern schon seit zwanzig Jahren.
He has been running his parents' farm for twenty years.
In this meaning, you will often find the word together with terms like 'Flächen' (areas), 'Wald' (forest), 'Felder' (fields), or adjectives like 'nachhaltig' (sustainable) and 'ökologisch' (ecological).
Die nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung des Waldes sichert dessen Zukunft.
The sustainable management of the forest secures its future.
When it is about running a business, 'Bewirtschaftung' is often used with words like 'Restaurant' (restaurant), 'Kantine' (cafeteria), 'Berghütte' (mountain hut), or 'Pächter' (tenant or leaseholder).
Für die Bewirtschaftung der Kantine wird ein neuer Pächter gesucht.
A new tenant is being sought for the operation of the cafeteria.
This specific meaning refers to the state-controlled distribution of scarce goods. It is usually used in historical or economic contexts such as 'Nachkriegszeit' (postwar period) or 'Krise' (crisis).
Nach dem Krieg unterlagen Zucker und Kaffee der Bewirtschaftung.
After the war, sugar and coffee were subject to rationing.
business / operation
'der Betrieb' and 'die Bewirtschaftung' can both have to do with work, use, and organization. 'Betrieb' often means a business or the operating state of a machine, facility, or institution. 'Bewirtschaftung' more often means the way something is systematically used, cared for, or run, for example a forest, a field, or a restaurant. The words can be confused because 'Bewirtschaftung' can also mean the running of a business. As a practical rule: 'Betrieb' is more the facility or the operation itself; 'Bewirtschaftung' is more the managing and use of something.
Die Bewirtschaftung der Berghütte übernimmt im Sommer eine Familie aus dem Dorf.
A family from the village takes over the running of the mountain hut in summer.
Der kleine Betrieb stellt seit vielen Jahren Möbel für die Region her.
The small company has been making furniture for the region for many years.