01
chronologisch
chronological
Arranged according to the order of time; in the order in which the events took place.
example
Bitte sortieren Sie die Dokumente chronologisch nach dem Datum.
Please sort the documents chronologically by date.
chronologisch
chronological
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Meanings
Usage tips
Word structure
The word is an internationalism and is made up of 'chrono-' (Greek for time) and '-logisch' (-logical). So it literally means 'time-logical' or in a logical time sequence.
EXAMPLE
Ein Lebenslauf sollte die beruflichen Stationen in chronologischer Reihenfolge auflisten.
A résumé should list professional positions in chronological order.
Typical collocations
Common verbs used with 'chronologisch' (chronological/chronologically) are 'ordnen' (to arrange) and 'sortieren' (to sort). A very typical combination is also 'chronologische Reihenfolge' (chronological order).
EXAMPLE
Der Historiker versuchte, die alten Briefe chronologisch zu ordnen.
The historian tried to arrange the old letters chronologically.
Adjective and adverb
'Chronologisch' (chronological/chronologically) can stand before a noun as an adjective or as an adverb describing a verb. Both uses are very common.
EXAMPLE
Der Film erzählt die Geschichte in nicht chronologischer Abfolge.
The film tells the story in a non-chronological sequence.
Compare with
chronologisch vs zeitlich
temporal / time-related
'zeitlich' and 'chronologisch' both have to do with time. But 'zeitlich' is more general: it describes that something concerns time, for example a plan, an interval, or a scheduling problem. 'chronologisch' is used when things are in the order in which they happened. Learners may confuse the words because both occur with events and processes. Memory aid: 'zeitlich' concerns time, while 'chronologisch' concerns the correct order in time.
chronologisch
Im Bericht stehen die Ereignisse chronologisch, vom ersten Anruf bis zur Lösung.
In the report, the events are arranged chronologically, from the first call to the solution.
zeitlich
Bei der Arbeit gibt es heute ein zeitliches Problem, weil zwei Termine gleichzeitig sind.
There is a scheduling problem at work today because two appointments are at the same time.
In real life
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