that
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that
Introduces a subordinate clause that gives the content of a statement, thought, feeling, or fact. It often functions as the object or subject of the main clause.
Ich hoffe, dass du gut angekommen bist.
I hope that you arrived safely.
The conjunction 'dass' (that) always introduces a subordinate clause. This means the conjugated verb must be placed at the end of the 'dass' clause.
Ich bin mir sicher, dass alles gut wird.
I am sure that everything will be fine.
Do not confuse 'dass' (conjunction: that) with 'das' (article/pronoun: the/that/which). A simple test: if you can replace the word with 'dieses' (this), 'jenes' (that), or 'welches' (which), you write 'das'. Otherwise, it is usually 'dass'.
Ich finde, dass das Buch, das du liest, sehr spannend ist.
I think that the book that you are reading is very exciting.
'Dass' clauses very often follow verbs of saying, thinking, and feeling. Typical combinations are: sagen, dass… (to say that…); denken, dass… (to think that…); glauben, dass… (to believe that…); hoffen, dass… (to hope that…); wissen, dass… (to know that…).
Sie hat mir erzählt, dass sie bald umziehen wird.
She told me that she will be moving soon.
To describe a result or consequence, 'dass' (that) is often used in the fixed structure 'so + adjective/adverb, dass…' (so + adjective/adverb that…). The main clause describes the cause, and the 'dass' clause describes the effect.
Der Film war so langweilig, dass ich eingeschlafen bin.
The film was so boring that I fell asleep.
the / that
'das' and 'dass' sound the same, but they are used differently. 'das' goes with a neuter noun, can point to something, or can introduce a relative clause. You can often ask 'Which one?' or replace it with 'dieses' (this) or 'welches' (which). 'dass' introduces a subordinate clause with content, for example after 'glauben' (to believe), 'sagen' (to say), 'wissen' (to know), or 'hoffen' (to hope). You cannot replace 'dass' with 'dieses' or 'welches'. The confusion happens especially in writing because both words are pronounced the same way.
Ich glaube, dass du nach der Pause noch Zeit hast.
I think that you still have time after the break.
Das Buch, das auf dem Tisch liegt, gehört meiner Schwester.
The book that is lying on the table belongs to my sister.