that
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that
Introduces a subordinate clause that gives the content of a statement, thought, feeling, or fact. It often functions as the object or subject of the main clause.
Ich hoffe, dass du gut angekommen bist.
I hope that you arrived safely.
that
Introduces a subordinate clause that describes a result or consequence, often in connection with 'so' or 'derart' (such/so) in the main clause.
Es war so kalt, dass die Scheiben gefroren sind.
It was so cold that the windowpanes froze.
The conjunction 'dass' (that) always introduces a subordinate clause. This means the conjugated verb must be placed at the end of the 'dass' clause.
Ich bin mir sicher, dass alles gut wird.
I am sure that everything will be fine.
Do not confuse 'dass' (conjunction: that) with 'das' (article/pronoun: the/that/which). A simple test: if you can replace the word with 'dieses' (this), 'jenes' (that), or 'welches' (which), you write 'das'. Otherwise, it is usually 'dass'.
Ich finde, dass das Buch, das du liest, sehr spannend ist.
I think that the book that you are reading is very exciting.
'Dass' clauses very often follow verbs of saying, thinking, and feeling. Typical combinations are: sagen, dass… (to say that…); denken, dass… (to think that…); glauben, dass… (to believe that…); hoffen, dass… (to hope that…); wissen, dass… (to know that…).
Sie hat mir erzählt, dass sie bald umziehen wird.
She told me that she will be moving soon.
To describe a result or consequence, 'dass' (that) is often used in the fixed structure 'so + adjective/adverb, dass…' (so + adjective/adverb that…). The main clause describes the cause, and the 'dass' clause describes the effect.
Der Film war so langweilig, dass ich eingeschlafen bin.
The film was so boring that I fell asleep.
the / that
Das and dass are pronounced the same, but they have different functions in Standard German. Dass introduces a subordinate clause containing the content of a statement, while das occurs as an article, pronoun, or, colloquially, conjunction. Before a content clause, therefore, write dass.
Ich weiß, dass du das Buch suchst.
I know that you are looking for the book.
Das Buch, das du suchst, liegt auf dem Tisch.
The book you are looking for is on the table.
