he
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he
Third-person singular masculine personal pronoun in the nominative. It refers to a male person or a masculine noun that is being talked about.
Mein Bruder ist nicht da, er ist zur Arbeit gegangen.
My brother isn't here; he went to work.
'Er' (he) refers not only to male people, but to all nouns with the article 'der'. So you can also talk about a table, a chair, or a dog using 'er' (he).
Wo ist der Schlüssel? Er liegt auf dem Tisch.
Where is the key? It is on the table.
When 'er' (he) is the subject in the sentence, the conjugated verb in the present tense normally ends in '-t'. This is how you can recognize the third-person singular.
Er arbeitet bei einer großen Firma.
He works at a large company.
'Er' (he) is the form for the subject, or nominative. When the male person or thing is the object, you use 'ihn' (him/it, accusative) or 'ihm' (him/it, dative).
Ich kenne ihn schon lange.
I have known him for a long time.
the
Der and er can both refer to the same man who is already known. Er sounds neutral, while der, as a demonstrative, places stronger emphasis and can sound distancing or derogatory depending on the tone. Use er for a neutral reference back to someone and der for deliberate contrast.
Er hat meinen Platz genommen.
He took my seat.
Der dort am Fenster hat meinen Platz genommen.
That man over there by the window took my seat.
