die Esche
ash tree
A tall deciduous tree with pinnate leaves and hard, elastic wood that is widespread in Europe and Asia.
Im Park steht eine alte, mächtige Esche.
There is an old, mighty ash tree in the park.

ash
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ash tree
A tall deciduous tree with pinnate leaves and hard, elastic wood that is widespread in Europe and Asia.
Im Park steht eine alte, mächtige Esche.
There is an old, mighty ash tree in the park.

The meaning of "Esche" depends heavily on the context. If people are talking about nature, forests, or gardens, it refers to the tree. If the topic is materials, furniture, or tools, it refers to the wood.
Für den neuen Tisch verwenden wir massive Esche.
We are using solid ash wood for the new table.
When "Esche" refers to the wood, it often appears without an article and is connected with the preposition "aus" (made of/from), or it is used as a modifying element in compounds such as "Eschenholz" (ash wood).
Der Griff des Hammers ist aus Esche, weil das Holz sehr stabil ist.
The handle of the hammer is made of ash wood because the wood is very sturdy.
The plural form "Eschen" refers almost exclusively to several trees. It is not used to talk about different types of ash wood.
Entlang der Allee wurden junge Eschen gepflanzt.
Young ash trees were planted along the avenue.