turnover / fluctuation
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turnover
The rate of staff changes in a company or organization; the extent to which employees leave the company and are replaced by new ones.
Das Unternehmen leidet unter einer hohen Fluktuation, weil die Arbeitsbedingungen schlecht sind.
The company is suffering from high turnover because the working conditions are poor.
fluctuation
In general, a variation or constant change in values, quantities, or states.
Die täglichen Fluktuationen am Aktienmarkt machen eine Vorhersage schwierig.
The daily fluctuations on the stock market make prediction difficult.
fluctuation
In physics and other natural sciences, a random, irregular variation of a physical quantity around its mean value.
Quantenmechanische Fluktuationen können selbst im Vakuum auftreten.
Quantum mechanical fluctuations can occur even in a vacuum.
Words ending in '-ion' often come from Latin and are always feminine in German (die). This helps you find the correct article for 'Fluktuation' (fluctuation/turnover) and similar words.
Die Fluktuation der Preise ist normal für diesen Markt.
The fluctuation of prices is normal for this market.
To recognize the meaning, pay attention to the context. If it is about employees, jobs, or a company, staff turnover is meant. If it is about numbers, rates, or data, a general fluctuation is meant.
Die Personalabteilung analysiert die hohe Fluktuation im Vertrieb.
The HR department is analyzing the high turnover in sales.
In human resources, people often speak of 'hohe' or 'geringe Fluktuation' (high or low turnover). A common goal for companies is to 'die Fluktuation zu senken' (to reduce turnover).
Eine hohe Fluktuation kann für ein Unternehmen sehr teuer werden.
High turnover can become very expensive for a company.
For general fluctuations, typical adjectives are 'stark' (strong), 'gering' (low), or 'saisonal' (seasonal). You can also say that something 'Fluktuationen unterliegt' (is subject to fluctuations).
Die Temperatur unterliegt im April starken Fluktuationen.
The temperature is subject to strong fluctuations in April.
In physics and other natural sciences, 'Fluktuation' (fluctuation) is a technical term for random variations. This meaning is used almost exclusively in scientific texts.
Der Professor erklärte die thermischen Fluktuationen in der Flüssigkeit.
The professor explained the thermal fluctuations in the liquid.
change / switch
Both words can describe changes in personnel. Wechsel refers more to the process or to individual employees who leave and are replaced, while Fluktuation refers to the extent of these personnel changes across the company as a whole. Use Wechsel for specific cases and Fluktuation for the overall situation within the organization.
Die hohe Fluktuation im Unternehmen belastet das Team dauerhaft.
The company's high employee turnover puts a lasting strain on the team.
Der Wechsel von zwei Mitarbeitern hat das Team kurzfristig belastet.
The departure of two employees put a temporary strain on the team.
