geography
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geography
The science that deals with the Earth's surface, its landscapes, the people living there, and spatial structures. In school, it is often called earth science or social studies, depending on the context.
In Geographie lernen wir heute etwas über die Entstehung der Alpen.
In geography today, we're learning about the formation of the Alps.
'Geographie' (geography) is an international word that comes from Greek ('geo' for earth and 'graphein' for write/draw). Knowing its origin can help with understanding and remembering it.
Viele wissenschaftliche Begriffe wie Geographie haben griechische Wurzeln.
Many scientific terms like geography have Greek roots.
The meaning 'Wissenschaft' (science/academic discipline) is often used in the context of school or university, e.g. 'Geographie studieren' (to study geography), 'das Fach Geographie' (the subject geography). The meaning 'räumliche Beschaffenheit' (spatial characteristics) is usually specified more closely by a genitive object or 'von' + dative, e.g. 'die Geographie der Insel' (the geography of the island).
Meine Schwester studiert Geographie im dritten Semester.
My sister is studying geography in her third semester.
In the context of university and science, the term 'Geographie' (geography) is used almost exclusively for the field of study and research discipline.
Er schreibt seine Doktorarbeit am Institut für Geographie.
He is writing his doctoral dissertation at the Institute of Geography.
landscape
'die Landschaft' and 'die Geographie' can both have to do with the shape and appearance of an area. 'Landschaft' refers more to the visible area outdoors, for example mountains, forests, rivers, or fields. 'Geographie' means either the school subject or the science that studies such areas. It can also mean the spatial characteristics of an area, meaning where mountains, rivers, cities, or borders are located. Learners may confuse the words because both talk about spaces and the earth. For what you see and experience, you usually say 'Landschaft'. For knowledge, analysis, or lessons, 'Geographie' fits better.
Vor der Reise lesen wir etwas über die Geographie Islands.
Before the trip, we read a little about Iceland's geography.
Im Sommer fotografiert Anna gern die Landschaft am See.
In summer, Anna likes photographing the landscape by the lake.