border control
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border control
The official inspection of people, their identity documents, and goods they are carrying at a border crossing between two countries.
Wegen der langen Schlange an der Grenzkontrolle haben wir unsere Fähre verpasst.
Because of the long line at border control, we missed our ferry.
This word is a clear compound of 'die Grenze' (the border) and 'die Kontrolle' (the control/check). So it describes exactly what it is: a check at the border.
An der Grenze zwischen den beiden Ländern gibt es keine Grenzkontrollen mehr.
There are no longer any border controls at the border between the two countries.
To describe the location, you usually use the preposition 'an' with the dative: 'an der Grenzkontrolle warten' (to wait at border control). When describing the process of passing through, you use 'durch' with the accusative: 'durch die Grenzkontrolle fahren' (to drive through border control).
Wir standen zwei Stunden an der Grenzkontrolle im Stau.
We were stuck in traffic at border control for two hours.
Border controls are 'durchgeführt' (carried out) or 'eingeführt' (introduced) by authorities. As a traveler, you 'passieren' (pass through) them. Often, border controls also only 'finden statt' (take place) on a random-check basis.
Die Polizei führt an der Autobahn wieder verstärkt Grenzkontrollen durch.
The police are once again carrying out more border controls on the highway.
border protection
'die Grenzkontrolle' and 'der Grenzschutz' both belong to the area of borders and the state. 'Grenzkontrolle' means the specific check at the border, for example when identity documents or goods are inspected. 'Grenzschutz' is broader: it refers to the measures and authorities that monitor and secure borders. The words can be confused because a border check can be part of border protection. If you mean the individual inspection, say 'Grenzkontrolle'. If you mean the whole task or the responsible authorities, 'Grenzschutz' fits.
Bei der Grenzkontrolle musste Maria ihren Ausweis und den Koffer zeigen.
At border control, Maria had to show her ID and her suitcase.
Der Grenzschutz arbeitet mit dem Zoll zusammen, um Schmuggel zu verhindern.
Border protection works together with customs to prevent smuggling.