handicap
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disadvantage
A disadvantage, disability, or limitation that a person has compared with others and that makes achieving goals more difficult.
Dass er kein Englisch spricht, ist bei der Jobsuche ein echtes Handicap.
The fact that he doesn't speak English is a real disadvantage when looking for a job.
handicap
In sports, especially golf or horse racing, a system that is intended to equalize the chances of winning among participants of different strengths through assigned conditions, such as extra strokes or additional weight.
Er ist ein guter Golfer mit einem Handicap von 12.
He is a good golfer with a handicap of 12.
'Handicap' is a word from English. In German, it is used as a neuter noun: das Handicap. The pronunciation is based on English.
Dass er so schüchtern ist, ist ein echtes Handicap bei Präsentationen.
The fact that he is so shy is a real disadvantage in presentations.
'Handicap' is very often used with the verbs 'haben' (to have: ein Handicap haben) or 'sein' (to be: etwas ist ein Handicap).
Sie hat durch ihre Verletzung ein leichtes Handicap beim Laufen.
Because of her injury, she has a slight handicap when running.
You can recognize the meaning from the context. In general usage, it means a disadvantage. If the topic is sports, especially golf, it refers to a number indicating playing ability.
Sein niedriges Handicap zeigt, dass er ein sehr guter Golfspieler ist.
His low handicap shows that he is a very good golfer.
requirement / handicap
Both words concern balancing the difference in strength between athletes. Handicap primarily refers to the sporting system used to equalize the competition, especially in golf. Vorgabe refers more generally to the advantage specifically granted to a weaker participant, such as additional strokes.
Beim Golf sorgt das Handicap durch zusätzliche Schläge für ausgeglichenere Chancen.
In golf, the handicap creates more equal chances by awarding additional strokes.
Der schwächere Golfer erhält für diese Runde eine Vorgabe von drei zusätzlichen Schlägen.
The weaker golfer is given a handicap of three extra strokes for this round.
