cornea / callus
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cornea
The transparent, curved front layer of the eye that covers the pupil and the iris. It is important for refracting light and protecting the eye.
Bei der Operation wurde die Hornhaut des Patienten transplantiert.
During the operation, the patient's cornea was transplanted.
The word is made up of 'Horn' (horn) and 'Haut' (skin). This compound describes something that is hard or resistant like horn. That fits both the tough skin on hands and feet and the protective layer of the eye.
Die harte Arbeit im Garten führte zu Hornhaut an seinen Händen.
The hard work in the garden led to calluses on his hands.
You can easily recognize which meaning is intended from context. If people are talking about eyes, vision, or an operation, it means the layer in the eye. If it is about hands, feet, friction, or skin care, it means the thickened skin.
Der Augenarzt prüfte, ob die Hornhaut beschädigt war.
The ophthalmologist checked whether the cornea was damaged.
In the medical context of the eye, typical combinations are 'Hornhautverkrümmung' (astigmatism), 'Hornhautentzündung' (corneal inflammation), or 'Hornhauttransplantation' (corneal transplant).
Eine Hornhautverkrümmung kann mit einer Brille korrigiert werden.
Astigmatism can be corrected with glasses.
When referring to thickened skin, typical verbs are 'bekommen' (to get), 'haben' (to have), or 'entfernen' (to remove). Calluses usually form 'an den Händen' (on the hands) or 'an den Füßen' (on the feet).
Vom vielen Gitarrespielen habe ich Hornhaut an den Fingerkuppen bekommen.
From playing a lot of guitar, I developed calluses on my fingertips.
blister / bladder / bubble
'die Blase' and 'die Hornhaut' can both develop from pressure or friction on the hands or feet. But a blister is a small area under the skin that is filled with fluid and often hurts. A callus is a hard, thicker layer of skin that forms slowly when one area is put under repeated stress. They can be confused because both occur especially on the feet. With new shoes, you are more likely to get a blister; after long, regular strain, a callus is more likely to form.
Durch das viele Laufen hat Mehmet Hornhaut an den Füßen bekommen.
From walking so much, Mehmet developed calluses on his feet.
Im neuen Schuh hat sich schon nach einer Stunde eine Blase gebildet.
A blister had already formed after just one hour in the new shoe.