immunity
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immunity
The biological state of the body being protected by its own defense system against a specific infectious disease, e.g. after vaccination or after having had the disease.
Nach der vollständigen Impfung besteht eine hohe Immunität gegen das Virus.
After full vaccination, there is a high level of immunity against the virus.
immunity
The legal protection of certain people (e.g. members of parliament, diplomats) from criminal prosecution in order to ensure that they can carry out their office.
Der Bundestag muss zuerst die Immunität des Abgeordneten aufheben, bevor die Staatsanwaltschaft ermitteln darf.
The Bundestag must first lift the member of parliament's immunity before the public prosecutor's office may investigate.
immunity
In a figurative sense, insensitivity or resistance to negative influences such as criticism, temptations, or problems.
Nach Jahren in der Politik hatte sie eine gewisse Immunität gegen persönliche Angriffe entwickelt.
After years in politics, she had developed a certain immunity to personal attacks.
'Immunität' (immunity) is the noun corresponding to the adjective 'immun' (immune). The ending '-ität' is often used for abstract nouns that describe a quality or state.
Nach der Krankheit war er immun gegen das Virus.
After the illness, he was immune to the virus.
'Immunität' (immunity) is almost always used with the preposition 'gegen' (against) and the accusative. This expresses what the protection is against.
Er hat eine Immunität gegen diese Krankheit entwickelt.
He has developed immunity to this disease.
You can recognize the biological meaning from words from the medical field such as 'Krankheit' (disease), 'Virus' (virus), 'Impfung' (vaccination), 'Antikörper' (antibodies), or 'Abwehrsystem' (immune defense system).
Die Impfung sorgt für eine langanhaltende Immunität.
The vaccination provides long-lasting immunity.
In a legal context, the verbs are decisive. One 'genießt' (enjoys) or 'hat' (has) immunity. When this protection is removed, immunity is 'aufgehoben' (lifted).
Der Politiker genießt parlamentarische Immunität.
The politician enjoys parliamentary immunity.
In the figurative meaning, 'Immunität' (immunity) is often combined with negative social or psychological influences. Typical phrases are 'Immunität gegen Kritik' (immunity to criticism), 'gegen Beleidigungen' (to insults), or 'gegen Stress' (to stress).
Mit der Zeit entwickelte er eine Immunität gegen die ständigen Beschwerden.
Over time, he developed immunity to the constant complaints.
resistance
Immunität refers to the body's protection against a specific infectious disease provided by the immune system, for example after vaccination. Resistenz is broader and refers to an organism's innate or acquired ability to withstand pathogens, toxins, or medications.
Nach der Impfung entwickelte die Patientin Immunität gegen die Infektionskrankheit.
After the vaccination, the patient developed immunity to the infectious disease.
Nach häufiger Behandlung entwickelte das Bakterium eine Resistenz gegen das Medikament.
After frequent treatment, the bacterium developed resistance to the medication.
