incidence
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incidence
In medicine and statistics, the frequency with which a particular disease or event newly occurs in a population group within a defined period of time. It is often given as the number of new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 7 days.
Während der Pandemie wurde täglich die aktuelle Corona-Inzidenz gemeldet.
During the pandemic, the current COVID incidence was reported daily.
The word comes from the Latin verb 'incidere', which means 'to fall into' or 'to occur'. This fits both the occurrence of a disease and the striking of light.
Die Forscher untersuchen das erstmalige Auftreten der Krankheit, also die Inzidenz.
The researchers are investigating the first occurrence of the disease, that is, the incidence.
'Inzidenz' (incidence) is a technical term. Both meanings are used mainly in scientific, medical, or technical contexts.
Für Laien ist der Unterschied zwischen Inzidenz und Prävalenz oft unklar.
For laypeople, the difference between incidence and prevalence is often unclear.
You can easily recognize the meaning from the context. If it is about numbers, populations, and diseases, the medical meaning is intended. If it is about light, radiation, and angles, the physics meaning is intended.
Die Inzidenz für diese seltene Krankheit liegt bei 1 zu 1.000.000.
The incidence of this rare disease is 1 in 1,000,000.
In the medical meaning, 'Inzidenz' (incidence) is often combined with verbs such as 'steigen' (to rise), 'sinken' (to fall), or 'berechnen' (to calculate). Adjectives such as 'hoch' (high) or 'niedrig' (low) are also typical.
Glücklicherweise sinkt die Inzidenz seit einigen Wochen kontinuierlich.
Fortunately, the incidence has been falling continuously for several weeks.
In physics, the word is almost always used in the fixed expression 'der Winkel der Inzidenz' (the angle of incidence). This term is part of the law of reflection.
Laut Reflexionsgesetz ist der Winkel der Inzidenz gleich dem Reflexionswinkel.
According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
frequency
'die Frequenz' and 'die Inzidenz' can both say something about how often something occurs in a group or within a period of time. 'Frequenz' is more general and can be used for many kinds of events, for example visits, mistakes, or certain characteristics. 'Inzidenz' is much more specific and is used mainly in medicine and statistics when new cases of a disease or event are counted in a population. The words can be confusing because both have to do with frequency. When you are talking about new cases of illness in a fixed period of time, 'Inzidenz' is more precise; otherwise, 'Frequenz' or 'Häufigkeit' usually fits better.
Die Inzidenz der Krankheit ist in der Stadt in dieser Woche gesunken.
The incidence of the disease in the city has fallen this week.
Die Frequenz der Kundenbesuche ist am Samstag besonders hoch.
The frequency of customer visits is especially high on Saturday.