isolation / insulation
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isolation
The state of being separated or cut off from other people or society; social separation.
Die lange Krankheit und die fehlenden Besuche führten zu seiner zunehmenden Isolation.
The long illness and the lack of visits led to his increasing isolation.
The ending '-ation' indicates a noun that describes a process or state and often comes from Latin. Such words frequently belong to a more formal or specialized register.
Die Globalisierung führt nicht immer zu mehr Kommunikation, sondern manchmal auch zu Isolation.
Globalization does not always lead to more communication, but sometimes also to isolation.
You can recognize the meaning from the context: words like 'sozial' (social), 'einsam' (lonely), or 'Kontakt' (contact) point to the social meaning. Terms like 'Wärme' (heat), 'Schall' (sound), 'Strom' (electric current), or 'Gebäude' (building) point to the technical meaning. 'Patient' (patient), 'Krankheit' (illness/disease), or 'ansteckend' (contagious) signal the medical context.
Viele ältere Menschen leiden unter sozialer Isolation.
Many older people suffer from social isolation.
In a social context, 'Isolation' is often combined with verbs such as 'leben in' (to live in), 'leiden unter' (to suffer from), or 'geraten in' (to fall into). A common adjective is 'sozial' (social).
Nach dem Umzug in die neue Stadt litt er anfangs unter seiner Isolation.
After moving to the new city, he initially suffered from his isolation.
In the technical sense, 'Isolation' is often combined with adjectives that describe the purpose more precisely, e.g. 'thermische Isolation' (thermal insulation/heat), 'akustische Isolation' (acoustic insulation/sound), or 'elektrische Isolation' (electrical insulation/electric current).
Eine gute akustische Isolation ist in einem Tonstudio unerlässlich.
Good acoustic insulation is essential in a recording studio.
In a medical context, the fixed expressions 'jemanden unter Isolation stellen' (to place someone under isolation) and 'unter Isolation stehen' (to be under isolation) are very common.
Der infizierte Reisende wurde sofort unter Isolation gestellt.
The infected traveler was immediately placed under isolation.
integration
'die Integration' and 'die Isolation' form a clear contrast in the social sphere. 'Integration' means that people are included in a community and can participate in life there. 'Isolation' means that someone is separated from others or has little contact with society. When talking about people, 'Integration' fits connection and participation, while 'Isolation' fits distance and being alone.
Nach dem Umzug fühlte sich Mehmet in der neuen Stadt lange in Isolation.
After the move, Mehmet felt isolated in the new city for a long time.
Die Lehrerin fördert die Integration, damit sich alle Kinder in der Klasse wohlfühlen.
The teacher promotes integration so that all the children feel comfortable in the class.