chain reaction
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chain reaction
In a figurative sense, a sequence of events in which each event triggers the next, often leading to a rapid and uncontrollable spread.
Seine unbedachte Äußerung löste in den sozialen Medien eine Kettenreaktion der Empörung aus.
His thoughtless remark triggered a chain reaction of outrage on social media.
The word is a clear compound of 'die Kette' (the chain) and 'die Reaktion' (the reaction). It figuratively describes a series of reactions in which one link causes the next, just like in a chain.
Ein kleiner Fehler kann manchmal eine ganze Kette von Problemen nach sich ziehen.
A small mistake can sometimes lead to a whole chain of problems.
By far the most common verb used with 'Kettenreaktion' (chain reaction) is 'auslösen' (to trigger). It means to cause the beginning of this chain of events.
Der Funke löste eine explosive Kettenreaktion aus.
The spark triggered an explosive chain reaction.
You can recognize the meaning from the context. If the text is about physics, chemistry, or nuclear energy, the scientific meaning is intended. If it is about social, political, or everyday events, the figurative meaning is intended.
Die Kernspaltung basiert auf einer kontrollierten Kettenreaktion.
Nuclear fission is based on a controlled chain reaction.
In a figurative sense, 'Kettenreaktion' (chain reaction) often describes a sequence of events that is fast and difficult to stop. The term often has a negative connotation and describes the spread of problems, rumors, or panic.
Ein Gerücht in der Schule führte zu einer Kettenreaktion von Missverständnissen.
A rumor at school led to a chain reaction of misunderstandings.
spiral
'Spirale' and 'Kettenreaktion' can both describe events developing further and becoming hard to stop. A 'Spirale' (spiral) emphasizes that a situation keeps intensifying, often in a bad direction. A 'Kettenreaktion' (chain reaction) emphasizes that one event triggers the next, like a series of consequences. The words can be confused because both can fit rapid negative developments. If something keeps getting worse, 'Spirale' fits; if one step triggers many further steps, 'Kettenreaktion' fits better.
Ein kleiner Fehler im Plan hat eine Kettenreaktion ausgelöst.
A small mistake in the plan triggered a chain reaction.
Durch immer neue Schulden kam die Familie in eine gefährliche Spirale.
Because of ever more new debts, the family got caught in a dangerous spiral.