
kurzfristig
short-term
Refers to a short period of time or a short duration.
Wir suchen eine kurzfristige Lösung, bis die endgültige Entscheidung getroffen wird.
We are looking for a short-term solution until the final decision is made.
short-term / at short notice
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short-term
Refers to a short period of time or a short duration.
Wir suchen eine kurzfristige Lösung, bis die endgültige Entscheidung getroffen wird.
We are looking for a short-term solution until the final decision is made.

at short notice
Happening with little lead time or advance notice.
Leider muss ich unseren Termin für morgen kurzfristig absagen.
Unfortunately, I have to cancel our appointment for tomorrow at short notice.
The word is made up of 'kurz' (short) and 'Frist' (deadline/period). A 'Frist' is a fixed period of time. So 'kurzfristig' describes something that refers to a short period of time or happens quickly.
Für das Projekt gibt es nur eine sehr kurze Frist.
There is only a very short deadline for the project.
'Kurzfristig' can stand before a noun as an adjective or be used as an adverb that describes a verb. Both uses are very common.
Das ist nur eine kurzfristige Lösung des Problems.
This is only a short-term solution to the problem.
In the meaning 'with little lead time', 'kurzfristig' is often combined with verbs such as 'absagen' (to cancel), 'verschieben' (to postpone/reschedule), 'ändern' (to change), or 'entscheiden' (to decide).
Die Pläne haben sich kurzfristig geändert.
The plans changed at short notice.
spontaneous
For an arrangement made with little advance notice, either word may fit. „Spontan“ emphasizes that the decision arose from an impulse without prior planning, whereas „kurzfristig“ refers only to the short period between the announcement and the appointment. So ask whether the focus is on the planning or on the amount of advance notice.

Wir wurden kurzfristig informiert, dass das Treffen heute im Park stattfindet.
We were informed at short notice that the meeting would take place in the park that day.
Wir beschlossen spontan, uns noch heute im Park zu treffen.
We spontaneously decided to meet in the park later that day.