legitimation / identification
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legitimation
The legal or moral justification or recognition of a person, action, or condition. The authorization to be considered legitimate.
Die Legitimation der neuen Regierung wird von Teilen der Bevölkerung infrage gestellt.
The legitimation of the new government is being called into question by parts of the population.
The word 'Legitimation' belongs to the word family of 'legitim' (legitimate) and the verb 'legitimieren' (to legitimize/justify). The ending '-ation' often denotes a process or result, here meaning the act or result of justification.
Ein Anwalt kann die Vaterschaft legitimieren lassen.
A lawyer can have paternity legitimized.
You can recognize the meaning from context. If it is about an abstract, moral, or political justification (e.g., of a government or an action), meaning 1 is intended. If it is about a concrete document used to prove identity (e.g., ID card, passport), meaning 2 is intended.
Die Legitimation der Macht ist ein zentrales Thema in der Politikwissenschaft.
The legitimation of power is a central topic in political science.
In the sense of justification, 'Legitimation' (legitimation) is often used with verbs such as 'schaffen' (to create), 'verlieren' (to lose), 'besitzen' (to possess), or 'infrage stellen' (to call into question). Common adjectives are 'politische' (political), 'moralische' (moral), or 'rechtliche' (legal) 'Legitimation'.
Durch die Wahl erhielt die Regierung eine neue Legitimation.
Through the election, the government received new legitimation.
When 'Legitimation' (identification) means a document, it is often combined with verbs such as 'vorzeigen' (to show/present), 'benötigen' (to need), or 'verlangen' (to require). In this context, it is a formal term for an ID or proof.
Jeder Teilnehmer muss bei der Anmeldung eine Legitimation vorzeigen.
Each participant must show identification when registering.
recognition
'Anerkennung' and 'Legitimation' can both have to do with legality or legitimacy. Here, 'Anerkennung' means that something is officially confirmed as valid, for example a degree or a status. 'Legitimation' is more about the legal or moral authorization that makes a person, action, or situation count as legitimate. So 'Anerkennung' fits especially for the result of an official review or decision. 'Legitimation' fits more when asking why someone is allowed to do something or why a decision is justified.
Ohne klare Legitimation durfte der Mitarbeiter keine privaten Daten ansehen.
Without clear authorization, the employee was not allowed to view private data.
Für die Anerkennung ihres ausländischen Abschlusses musste Sofia mehrere Unterlagen einreichen.
For the recognition of her foreign degree, Sofia had to submit several documents.