ruler
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ruler
A person or group that holds political power in a state or region. The term is often used with a negative connotation and suggests authoritarian or undemocratic rule.
Die internationale Gemeinschaft verurteilte die Handlungen des Machthabers.
The international community condemned the ruler's actions.
The word consists of 'Macht' (power) and 'Haber', which comes from 'haben' (to have). A 'Machthaber' (ruler) is therefore literally someone who 'has' or possesses power.
Die Bevölkerung protestierte gegen den alten Machthaber.
The population protested against the old ruler.
The term 'Machthaber' (ruler) almost always has a negative connotation. It is used for authoritarian or undemocratic rulers, not for democratically elected politicians in a stable system.
Die Medien berichteten über die Korruption des Machthabers.
The media reported on the ruler's corruption.
Common adjectives used with 'Machthaber' (ruler) are 'autoritär' (authoritarian), 'ehemalig' (former), or 'gestürzt' (overthrown). The word often appears in the context of protests, criticism, or a coup.
Der gestürzte Machthaber floh ins Exil.
The overthrown ruler fled into exile.
gentleman / Mr.
'der Herr' and 'der Machthaber' can both refer to a person who has power over others. 'Herr' is more general and often older or more literary: it can refer to an owner, lord, or master. 'Machthaber' is used mainly for politics and states. The word often sounds critical because it frequently refers to authoritarian or undemocratic power. When the topic is political control, 'Machthaber' is more precise; when it is about a personal relationship of rule or authority, 'Herr' fits better.
Nach dem Gespräch lesen wir in der Bibliothek einen Artikel über den neuen Machthaber.
After the conversation, we read an article about the new ruler in the library.
Der Herr über das große Gebiet verlangte von allen Bauern hohe Abgaben.
The lord of the large territory demanded high taxes from all the farmers.