der Schopf
shock of hair
A thick tuft of hair on a person's head, often somewhat messy.
Der Wind zerzauste seinen blonden Schopf.
The wind tousled his blond shock of hair.

tuft / crest
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shock of hair
A thick tuft of hair on a person's head, often somewhat messy.
Der Wind zerzauste seinen blonden Schopf.
The wind tousled his blond shock of hair.

The most common use of 'Schopf' is in the fixed idiom 'die Gelegenheit beim Schopf packen' (to seize the opportunity). It means to make use of a good chance immediately and decisively.
Als das Jobangebot kam, habe ich die Gelegenheit sofort beim Schopf gepackt.
When the job offer came, I immediately seized the opportunity.
You can recognize the meaning from context. If people are being talked about, a tuft or shock of hair is meant. In connection with birds, feathers are meant. The idiom 'beim Schopf packen' always refers to an opportunity.
Er strich sich durch den dichten Schopf.
He ran his hand through his thick shock of hair.
When 'Schopf' is used for human hair, it often sounds somewhat poetic or slightly old-fashioned. It usually describes full, thick, and often somewhat messy hair.
Das kleine Kind hatte einen wilden Schopf aus roten Locken.
The little child had a wild shock of red curls.
hair
'das Haar' and 'der Schopf' can both refer to hair on the head. 'Haar' is the general and neutral word for all of someone’s hair. 'Schopf' more often means a thick tuft or shock of hair on the head, often somewhat messy. The word sounds more concrete and sometimes slightly colloquial. Learners may confuse the words because both describe head hair. If you are speaking neutrally about care, color, or length, use 'Haar'. If you mean a noticeable, thick, or tousled tuft of hair, 'Schopf' fits better.

Nach dem Schlafen stand ihm der Schopf in alle Richtungen.
After sleeping, his hair was sticking out in all directions.
Die Eltern haben ihrem Kind heute das Haar schneiden lassen.
The parents had their child's hair cut today.