safe
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safe
A specially secured cabinet or container, usually made of steel, used to protect valuables, money, or important documents from theft and fire.
Die Juwelen werden über Nacht im Tresor der Bank aufbewahrt.
The jewels are kept overnight in the bank's safe.
The word 'Tresor' (safe) comes from French. 'Le trésor' means 'der Schatz' (the treasure) in French. A 'Tresor' is therefore the place where you keep your treasures safe.
Das Hotel bietet den Gästen an, ihre Wertsachen im Tresor an der Rezeption zu deponieren.
The hotel offers guests the option of depositing their valuables in the safe at reception.
The preposition 'in' is crucial here. To describe movement, you say 'etwas in den Tresor legen' (to put something into the safe; accusative). To describe the location, you say 'etwas ist im Tresor' (something is in the safe; dative).
Der Mitarbeiter legte das Geld in den Tresor.
The employee put the money into the safe.
Common verbs in connection with 'Tresor' (safe) are 'aufbewahren' (to keep/store), 'einschließen' (to lock away), or 'lagern' (to store). In a criminal context, you also often hear 'einen Tresor knacken' (to crack a safe).
Die Diebe versuchten die ganze Nacht, den Tresor zu knacken.
The thieves tried all night to crack the safe.
vault
'Tresor' and 'Gewölbe' can both refer to places or containers for valuables. A 'Tresor' is usually a secured cabinet or container made of steel: a safe. A 'Gewölbe' in this meaning is more like a secured room, especially in a bank: a vault. That is why the words can seem similar in banking contexts. They can be confused because both are meant to be very secure. If you mean a cabinet or a box, 'Tresor' is more natural. If you mean an entire secure room, 'Gewölbe' fits better.
Der Hotelgast legt seinen Pass und etwas Geld in den Tresor.
The hotel guest puts his passport and some money in the safe.
Die Bank bewahrt die Goldbarren in einem gesicherten Gewölbe auf.
The bank keeps the gold bars in a secured vault.