refusal
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refusal
The act of rejecting something or not doing what is demanded or expected of someone. A deliberate rejection of an instruction, request, or duty.
Seine ständige Verweigerung, bei der Hausarbeit zu helfen, führte zu Streit.
His constant refusal to help with the housework led to arguments.
The noun 'die Verweigerung' (refusal) is derived directly from the verb 'verweigern' (to refuse). It describes the act of rejecting or refusing something. If you know the verb, you can easily work out the meaning of the noun.
Er verweigerte die Aussage vor Gericht.
He refused to testify in court.
To express exactly what is being refused, 'Verweigerung' (refusal) is often followed by a noun in the genitive. Alternatively, a 'von' construction with the dative can also be used.
Die Verweigerung der Zusammenarbeit erschwerte die Situation.
The refusal to cooperate made the situation more difficult.
This special meaning is usually clear from context. Words like 'Kriegsdienst' (war service), 'Wehrdienst' (military service), or 'Zivildienst' (civilian service) signal that refusal of military service is meant.
Seine Verweigerung des Kriegsdienstes wurde aus Gewissensgründen anerkannt.
His conscientious objection to military service was recognized on grounds of conscience.
approval / consent
'Zustimmung' and 'Verweigerung' form a clear contrast. 'Zustimmung' means that someone agrees with something or allows something. 'Verweigerung' means that someone deliberately rejects something or does not do something, even though it is demanded or expected. So 'Zustimmung' goes with a yes or with permission. 'Verweigerung' goes with a clear no or with a deliberate rejection of a duty, request, or instruction.
Die Verweigerung der Unterschrift führte zu einer langen Diskussion.
The refusal to sign led to a long discussion.
Ohne die Zustimmung der Ärztin darf die Behandlung nicht beginnen.
The treatment may not begin without the doctor's consent.