above-mentioned / protruding
Loading your saved state.
above-mentioned
In a text or document: named or mentioned above or previously. This word is mainly used in formal, administrative, or legal language.
Die vorstehenden Regelungen treten mit sofortiger Wirkung in Kraft.
The above-mentioned regulations take effect immediately.
protruding
Describes something that physically sticks out or projects from a surface or line.
Ein vorstehender Felsvorsprung bot uns Schutz vor dem Regen.
A protruding rocky ledge offered us shelter from the rain.
'Vorstehend' is the present participle of the verb 'vorstehen.' This verb means both 'to protrude' and 'to head/manage something.' The adjective is declined when it comes before a noun.
Bitte beachten Sie den vorstehenden Hinweis.
Please note the above-mentioned notice.
The meaning depends on the noun. In connection with abstract nouns such as 'Absatz' (paragraph) or 'Regelung' (regulation), it means 'previously mentioned.' In connection with concrete nouns such as 'Fels' (rock) or 'Kinn' (chin), it means 'protruding.'
Die vorstehende Anmerkung ist besonders wichtig.
The above-mentioned comment is especially important.
In the meaning 'previously mentioned,' 'vorstehend' is used almost exclusively in formal written language, especially in contracts, laws, or official letters.
Alle vorstehenden Angaben müssen der Wahrheit entsprechen.
All above-mentioned information must be truthful.
In its physical meaning, 'vorstehend' (protruding) is often used to describe body parts or parts of buildings and landscapes. Typical examples are: ein vorstehendes Kinn (a protruding chin), ein vorstehender Balkon (a projecting balcony), ein vorstehender Fels (a protruding rock).
Das vorstehende Dach schützte uns vor der Sonne.
The projecting roof protected us from the sun.
excellent / protruding
Vorstehend and hervorragend can both describe something that sticks out from a surface. Vorstehend directly describes this position; hervorragend is possible in this literal sense, but it is rare and is otherwise usually understood as praise for quality. For a clear spatial description, vorstehend is therefore the better choice.
Die aus der Wand vorstehende Schraube muss gekürzt werden.
The screw sticking out from the wall needs to be shortened.
Die aus der Wand hervorragende Schraube muss gekürzt werden.
The screw protruding from the wall needs to be shortened.
