
die Anmerkung
remark / comment
A short spoken or written statement, remark, or comment on a specific topic.
Er erlaubte sich eine kritische Anmerkung zu dem Vortrag.
He allowed himself a critical remark about the lecture.
remark / note
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remark / comment
A short spoken or written statement, remark, or comment on a specific topic.
Er erlaubte sich eine kritische Anmerkung zu dem Vortrag.
He allowed himself a critical remark about the lecture.

note / annotation
An additional explanation or reference in a text, often as a footnote or endnote.
Weitere Quellen finden Sie in Anmerkung 3 am Ende des Buches.
You can find further sources in note 3 at the end of the book.
The word is derived from the verb 'anmerken' (to remark / to note). The prefix 'an-' suggests that you 'attach' or add a piece of information to a topic.
Darf ich dazu etwas anmerken?
May I add something to that?
The most common combination is the phrase 'eine Anmerkung machen' (to make a remark). You can also add adjectives to describe the type of remark, e.g. 'eine persönliche Anmerkung' (a personal remark) or 'eine kurze Anmerkung' (a brief remark).
Der Chef machte zu jedem Vorschlag eine kurze Anmerkung.
The boss made a brief remark about each suggestion.
You can recognize this meaning from the context of academic or formal texts. Words like 'Fußnote' (footnote), 'Quelle' (source), 'siehe' (see), or a number directly after the word, e.g. 'Anmerkung 5' (note 5), are clear signals.
Der Autor verweist in Anmerkung 12 auf eine wichtige Studie.
In note 12, the author refers to an important study.
comment
Kommentar and Anmerkung can both respond to a passage in a text. A Kommentar usually contains an independent opinion or interpretation, whereas an Anmerkung often briefly adds or explains something. Kommentar therefore fits a clear evaluation, while Anmerkung is more suitable for an additional note.

Der Gutachter fügt zum dritten Absatz eine kurze Anmerkung mit einer fehlenden Quelle hinzu.
The reviewer adds a brief note to the third paragraph with a missing source.
Der Gutachter schreibt einen kritischen Kommentar zu der Aussage im dritten Absatz.
The reviewer writes a critical comment on the statement in the third paragraph.