bachelor
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bachelor's degree
The first professional academic degree awarded by a college or university.
Sie hat ihren Bachelor in Betriebswirtschaftslehre in nur sechs Semestern abgeschlossen.
She completed her bachelor's degree in business administration in just six semesters.
'Bachelor' is a modern loanword from English. It is usually pronounced similarly to English. The meanings (academic degree, unmarried man) are also taken directly from English.
Er ist immer noch ein überzeugter Bachelor.
He is still a convinced bachelor.
The context makes the meaning clear: if people are talking about university, studies, or degrees, the academic degree is meant. If it is about relationships or lifestyle, the unmarried man is meant.
Für diesen Job braucht man mindestens einen Bachelor.
For this job, you need at least a bachelor's degree.
In an academic context, 'Bachelor' is often part of compound nouns. The most important ones are 'das Bachelorstudium' (bachelor's program), 'die Bachelorarbeit' (bachelor's thesis), and 'der Bachelorabschluss' (bachelor's degree).
Sie schreibt gerade ihre Bachelorarbeit in Geschichte.
She is currently writing her bachelor's thesis in history.
To talk about earning the degree, you use the construction 'einen Bachelor in (Fach) machen' (to do a bachelor's in [subject]) or 'einen Bachelor haben' (to have a bachelor's degree).
Mein Bruder macht seinen Bachelor in Informatik.
My brother is doing his bachelor's in computer science.
master
'der Bachelor' and 'der Master' are both academic degrees at a college or university. They are easy to confuse because both are part of university study and are often mentioned together. The bachelor's degree is normally the first degree. After that, you can do a master's degree. So 'Master' is an advanced degree and usually requires a bachelor's degree. When talking about the order of university studies, that is the most important difference.
Am Montag beginnt Tom seinen Bachelor an der Universität.
Tom starts his bachelor's degree at the university on Monday.
Mia hat nach dem Bachelor noch einen Master in Psychologie gemacht.
After her bachelor's degree, Mia went on to do a master's degree in psychology.