condensation / fitting
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condensation
A thin layer of condensed liquid, usually water or ice, that forms on a cooler surface.
Im Winter hatte er morgens immer Beschlag auf der Innenseite der Autoscheiben.
In winter, he always had condensation on the inside of the car windows in the morning.
All meanings of 'der Beschlag' are connected with the verb 'beschlagen'. A window pane can 'beschlagen' (fog up with condensation), you can 'beschlagen' a door with metal (decorate or fit it with metal parts), and a blacksmith can 'beschlagen' a horse (shoe it).
Nach dem Duschen ist der Spiegel im Bad immer beschlagen.
After showering, the bathroom mirror is always fogged up.
The meaning 'to take up' or 'to confiscate' exists only in the fixed expression 'jemanden/etwas in Beschlag nehmen' (to take up someone/something; to seize someone/something). The subject of the sentence is the person or thing that causes the occupation or use.
Die Organisation des Festes hat meine ganze Freizeit in Beschlag genommen.
Organizing the party took up all my free time.
In this meaning, 'Beschlag' (condensation) is always a thin layer of moisture. Typical contexts are windows, mirrors, or glasses that come from a cold environment into a warm one.
Wegen des Beschlags auf der Brille konnte ich nichts sehen.
Because of the condensation on my glasses, I couldn't see anything.
When 'Beschläge' is mentioned, it usually means metal parts on furniture, doors, or boxes. The material is often mentioned as well, e.g. 'Beschläge aus Eisen' (iron fittings).
Der Tischler montierte die neuen Beschläge an den Küchenschränken.
The carpenter installed the new fittings on the kitchen cabinets.
This special meaning is used only in connection with horses and their hooves. Another word for it is 'Hufeisen' (horseshoe).
Der Schmied prüfte den Beschlag des Pferdes.
The blacksmith checked the horse's shoeing.
handle / grip
'der Griff' and 'der Beschlag' can both occur on furniture, doors, or windows. 'der Griff' is the part you directly hold or touch, for example to open a door or drawer. 'der Beschlag' is a more general word for metal parts or other fixed parts on such objects, for example hinges, locks, or also handles. The words can be confused because a handle can be part of a fitting. If you only mean the part used for holding or pulling, 'Griff' is clearer. If you mean the whole technical set of fittings, 'Beschlag' fits.
Beim Termin wählt er einen schwarzen Beschlag für die neue Haustür aus.
At the appointment, he chooses a black fitting for the new front door.
Nach dem Umzug haben wir einen neuen Griff an die Schranktür geschraubt.
After the move, we screwed a new handle onto the cabinet door.