gross
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gross
Describes an amount or weight before deductions such as taxes, social security contributions, or packaging. The opposite of 'netto' (net).
Mein Bruttogehalt klingt hoch, aber nach den Abzügen bleibt netto viel weniger übrig.
My gross salary sounds high, but after deductions, much less is left net.
'Brutto' (gross) is an indeclinable adjective. This means it never changes its form and does not take an ending, even when it comes before a noun.
Auf dem Lieferschein ist das brutto Gewicht angegeben.
The gross weight is listed on the delivery note.
'Brutto' (gross) is very often used as the first part of compound nouns. The most common are 'das Bruttogehalt' (gross salary), 'der Bruttopreis' (gross price), and 'das Bruttogewicht' (gross weight).
Das Bruttogehalt ist die Grundlage für die Berechnung der Steuern.
The gross salary is the basis for calculating taxes.
'Brutto' (gross) can also appear as an adverb after an amount or quantity. In this position, it answers the question 'wie?' (how?).
Das Paket wiegt 5 Kilogramm brutto.
The package weighs 5 kilograms gross.
entire / total
'gesamt' and 'brutto' can both express that something is being considered in full. The difference is in the area of use: 'gesamt' fits generally when all parts together are meant. 'brutto' is used mainly with money or weight when nothing has been deducted yet, for example taxes, contributions, or packaging. Learners may confuse the words because both can mean something 'before a division or deduction'. In practical terms: for all parts together, use 'gesamt'; for an amount or weight before deductions, use 'brutto'.
Das Gehalt beträgt 2800 Euro brutto im Monat.
The salary is 2,800 euros gross per month.
Für den Kurs brauchen wir gesamt drei Stunden.
For the course, we need three hours in total.