checken
to check
Colloquial for to check, inspect, or verify.
Kannst du kurz die E-Mails checken?
Can you quickly check the emails?

to check / get
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to check
Colloquial for to check, inspect, or verify.
Kannst du kurz die E-Mails checken?
Can you quickly check the emails?

'Checken' (to check/get) is a word from English and is used almost exclusively in colloquial language. In formal or written contexts, German verbs like 'prüfen' (to check), 'kontrollieren' (to inspect/control), or 'verstehen' (to understand) are more common.
Lass uns mal die Abfahrtszeiten für den Zug checken.
Let's check the departure times for the train.
The meaning of 'checken' (to check/get) depends on the object. If it has a concrete object (e.g. emails, a list), it means 'prüfen' (to check). If it is used without an object or with 'es' (it), it usually means 'verstehen' (to understand).
Ich habe die Rechnung gecheckt, alles stimmt.
I checked the invoice; everything is correct.
In the meaning 'verstehen' (to understand), 'checken' (to get) is very often used in questions or negative sentences to express that one does or does not grasp something.
Checkst du, wie die neue Software funktioniert?
Do you get how the new software works?
to understand
'verstehen' and 'checken' can both mean that you understand something. 'verstehen' is neutral and works in almost all situations, including at school, at work, or in formal conversations. 'checken' is colloquial and sounds more casual. You often hear it among friends or in quick everyday conversations. If the tone should be factual or polite, 'verstehen' is more natural. 'Checken' fits better when you are saying informally that you have got something.

Er checkt sofort, warum alle lachen.
He immediately gets why everyone is laughing.
Hast du die Aufgabe nach der Erklärung verstanden?
Did you understand the task after the explanation?