because
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because
Introduces a main clause that provides a reason or explanation for the preceding main clause. The word order in the sentence does not change.
Ich kann heute nicht kommen, denn ich bin krank.
I can't come today because I am sick.
Whether 'denn' (because/then) is a reason-giving conjunction or a particle can be recognized easily from the sentence type. In a statement, it gives a reason. In a question, it is a particle that expresses interest or surprise.
Ich gehe jetzt, denn ich bin müde.
I'm going now because I'm tired.
'Denn' (because) introduces a main clause that provides a reason. Unlike other reason-giving conjunctions, 'denn' does not change the word order: the verb remains in position 2.
Er bleibt zu Hause, denn er fühlt sich nicht gut.
He is staying at home because he doesn't feel well.
As a particle in a question, 'denn' usually stands directly after the question word and the verb. It makes the question friendlier or expresses curiosity and is often not translated literally.
Was machst du denn hier?
What are you doing here?
because
'denn' and 'weil' both give a reason. The most important difference is the sentence structure. After 'denn', a main clause follows with normal word order: the verb is in second position. After 'weil', a subordinate clause normally follows: the verb is at the end. Learners often confuse the words because both can answer 'Warum?' (Why?). In standard German, 'weil' with the verb at the end is the safe form. 'denn' often sounds somewhat explanatory and connects two main clauses.
Sie geht früh nach Hause, denn sie ist nach dem Gespräch müde.
She goes home early because she is tired after the conversation.
Im Sommer arbeiten wir weniger, weil viele Kollegen im Urlaub sind.
In summer, we work less because many colleagues are on vacation.