latter
die Letztere, die Letzteren
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the latter
The last-mentioned of two people or things; the second of the two options mentioned.
Zur Feier kamen mein Bruder und mein Cousin, der Letztere allerdings erst gegen Mitternacht.
My brother and my cousin came to the party, though the latter did not arrive until around midnight.
| gender | feminine die |
|---|---|
| plural | die Letzteren |
| genitive | der Letzteren |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | die Letztere | die Letzteren |
| accusative | die Letztere | die Letzteren |
| dative | der Letzteren | den Letzteren |
| genitive | der Letzteren | der Letzteren |
The article changes with the case; it is shown in colour.
'Der Letztere' (the latter) stands on its own in place of a noun and is therefore capitalized. The definite article indicates that it refers back to a person or thing already known.
Eingeladen waren Frau Wagner und Herr Yilmaz; der Letztere hatte bereits mehrere Jahre Berufserfahrung.
Ms. Wagner and Mr. Yilmaz were invited; the latter already had several years of professional experience.
Normally, two people or things must have been mentioned before 'der Letztere' (the latter) is used. The expression then refers to the last-mentioned of the two.
Wir konnten zwischen dem Zug und dem Bus wählen; der Letztere fuhr direkt ins Stadtzentrum.
We could choose between the train and the bus; the latter went directly to the city center.
'Der Letztere' (the latter) is especially common in written and relatively formal texts, such as reports, explanations, or academic texts.
Die Studie untersuchte zwei Methoden; die Letztere erwies sich als deutlich kostengünstiger.
The study examined two methods; the latter proved to be significantly more cost-effective.
