geography
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geography
The science that deals with the Earth's surface, its landscapes, climate, populations, and spatial structures. It is also called Erdkunde (geography) in German.
In der Schule war Geografie mein Lieblingsfach.
At school, geography was my favorite subject.
geography
The spatial characteristics and arrangement of a specific area.
Die Geografie der Region ist von hohen Bergen und tiefen Tälern geprägt.
The geography of the region is shaped by high mountains and deep valleys.
'Geografie' (geography) is an international word that comes from Greek. 'Geo' means 'Earth', and 'graphein' means 'to write' or 'to describe'. Geography is therefore literally the 'description of the Earth'.
Die Geografie hilft uns, die Welt zu verstehen.
Geography helps us understand the world.
You can recognize the meaning from the context. If people are talking about a school subject, a degree program, or a science, the discipline is meant. If the word refers to a specific area, e.g. 'die Geografie der Insel' (the geography of the island), it means the landscape features.
Mein Sohn hat morgen eine Prüfung in Geografie.
My son has a geography exam tomorrow.
The related adjective is 'geografisch' (geographical). It is used to refer to geography, for example in 'die geografische Lage' (the geographical location) or 'geografische Besonderheiten' (geographical features).
Die geografische Lage der Stadt am Fluss war ein großer Vorteil.
The city's geographical location on the river was a major advantage.
geology
Geologie looks at the structure, rocks, and development of the Earth or a particular area. Geografie, by contrast, examines the Earth's surface and spatial structures such as landscapes, climate, and population. Geologie is therefore the appropriate term for the ground beneath the surface, while Geografie is the appropriate term for the spatial arrangement of places.
Die Geografie der Region wird durch ihre Täler, Städte und Verkehrswege geprägt.
The region's geography is shaped by its valleys, cities, and transport routes.
Die Geologie der Region wird durch ihre alten Kalksteinschichten geprägt.
The region's geology is shaped by its ancient limestone layers.
