01
geschrieben
written
Existing or recorded in written form, as opposed to oral or unwritten.
example
Es gibt geschriebene und ungeschriebene Regeln in jeder Gesellschaft.
There are written and unwritten rules in every society.
geschrieben
written
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Meanings
Usage tips
Word structure
'Geschrieben' (written) is the past participle of the verb 'schreiben' (to write). When it is used as an adjective, it means that something exists or has been fixed in written form.
EXAMPLE
Ein geschriebener Vertrag gibt beiden Seiten Sicherheit.
A written contract gives both sides security.
Typical collocations
A very common combination is 'geschriebene und ungeschriebene Regeln' (written and unwritten rules). Another fixed expression is 'das geschriebene Wort' (the written word), which refers to texts in general.
EXAMPLE
Respekt vor Älteren ist oft eine ungeschriebene Regel.
Respect for older people is often an unwritten rule.
Sentence structure
As an adjective, 'geschrieben' (written) is declined and placed before a noun. It can also stand as part of the predicate after verbs like 'sein' (to be), to describe the state or the manner of execution.
EXAMPLE
Ich bevorzuge eine geschriebene Zusammenfassung.
I prefer a written summary.
Compare with
geschrieben vs schriftlich
written
'schriftlich' and 'geschrieben' are very close because both refer to something that exists as text. 'schriftlich' is often used when emphasizing the form of a message, exam, confirmation, or rule: not oral, but as text. 'geschrieben' describes more the state or result: something is written somewhere as text. Learners may confuse the words because both often fit. As a practical rule: for official agreements and messages, 'schriftlich' usually sounds more natural; when talking about an existing text, 'geschrieben' often fits better.
geschrieben
Meine Schwester hat den geschriebenen Text noch einmal laut vorgelesen.
My sister read the written text aloud once more.
schriftlich
Wegen des Wetters informiert die Schule die Gruppe schriftlich über den neuen Termin.
Because of the weather, the school informs the group of the new date in writing.
In real life
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