polite
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polite
Describes behavior that is respectful, courteous, and considerate toward other people. It is expressed through good manners and a friendly way of speaking.
Es ist höflich, älteren Menschen im Bus einen Sitzplatz anzubieten.
It is polite to offer older people a seat on the bus.
The word 'höflich' (polite) comes from 'der Hof' (the court), the residence of a king or prince. It originally described the behavior that was customary at court. The related noun is 'die Höflichkeit' (politeness).
Gute Manieren und Höflichkeit sind im Berufsleben wichtig.
Good manners and politeness are important in professional life.
The opposite of 'höflich' (polite) is formed simply with the prefix 'un-': 'unhöflich' (impolite/rude). This prefix is used with many adjectives to express negation.
Es ist unhöflich, jemanden beim Sprechen zu unterbrechen.
It is impolite to interrupt someone while they are speaking.
A very common and useful construction is 'Es ist höflich, etwas zu tun' (It is polite to do something). You can use it to formulate general rules for good behavior.
Es ist höflich, „Danke“ und „Bitte“ zu sagen.
It is polite to say 'thank you' and 'please.'
'Höflich' (polite) is often combined with verbs of communication, for example 'höflich fragen' (to ask politely), 'höflich antworten' (to answer politely), or 'höflich grüßen' (to greet politely).
Auch wenn er anderer Meinung war, blieb er immer höflich.
Even though he had a different opinion, he always remained polite.
friendly
Freundlich and höflich can both describe a positive way of treating others. Freundlich emphasizes a kind and well-meaning attitude, while höflich focuses mainly on respectful behavior and good manners. Behavior can be polite without seeming particularly warm, or friendly in a way that goes beyond what is expected.
Die Verkäuferin begrüßte mich respektvoll und sprach höflich mit mir.
The saleswoman greeted me respectfully and spoke to me politely.
Die Verkäuferin lächelte mich an und beriet mich freundlich.
The saleswoman smiled at me and gave me friendly advice.
