however / meanwhile
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however
However; expresses a contrast or limitation in relation to a previous statement. It is used mainly in written language.
Der Vorschlag klingt überzeugend, seine Umsetzung ist indessen kaum bezahlbar.
The proposal sounds convincing; however, its implementation is hardly affordable.
meanwhile
Meanwhile; during the time that something else is happening. It is used mainly in written language.
Er bereitete das Abendessen zu; sie deckte indessen den Tisch.
He prepared dinner; meanwhile, she set the table.
'Indessen' (however / meanwhile) is an adverb and can appear at the beginning of a sentence. When it does, the finite verb follows 'indessen' directly; in the middle field, it often comes after the verb or after the subject.
Indessen begann die Diskussion von vorn.
Meanwhile, the discussion started all over again.
Die Diskussion begann indessen von vorn.
The discussion started all over again meanwhile.
When used to express a contrast, 'indessen' (however) usually refers to a previous statement. It often introduces a second main clause that expresses a limitation or an unexpected result.
Die Zahlen sahen zunächst gut aus. Indessen wuchsen die Kosten weiter.
The figures initially looked good. However, the costs continued to rise.
Der Plan war gut durchdacht, indessen fehlte das nötige Personal.
The plan was well thought out; however, the necessary staff was lacking.
The temporal meaning of 'indessen' (meanwhile) can often be recognized when the other sentence describes an action or process happening at the same time. It then connects two situations unfolding in parallel.
Die Techniker reparierten die Heizung; die Bewohner warteten indessen im Café.
The technicians repaired the heating; meanwhile, the residents waited in the café.
Sie suchte im Archiv nach den Akten, und ihr Kollege prüfte indessen die Datenbank.
She searched the archive for the files, and her colleague checked the database in the meantime.
