to include
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to include
To include or incorporate someone or something in a group or whole. It is a more formal expression for 'beinhalten' (to contain/include) or 'einschließen' (to include/enclose).
Der Preis inkludiert bereits alle Steuern und Gebühren.
The price already includes all taxes and fees.
Verbs that end in '-ieren' often come from Latin or French. They are always conjugated as weak verbs and are inseparable.
Wir haben auch die optionalen Extras in das Paket inkludiert.
We also included the optional extras in the package.
'Inkludieren' (to include) is a formal word that is often found in contracts, official offers, or academic language. It is used less often in everyday language.
Das Servicepaket inkludiert eine jährliche Wartung des Geräts.
The service package includes annual maintenance of the device.
This verb always requires an accusative object. The structure is: something (subject) includes something (accusative object).
Die Pauschalreise inkludiert den Flug, das Hotel und das Frühstück.
The package holiday includes the flight, the hotel, and breakfast.
to contain / abstain
'enthalten' and 'inkludieren' can both say that something is part of a whole. 'enthalten' is neutral and very common in everyday language, for example with ingredients, information, or documents. 'inkludieren' sounds more formal and often means that something or someone is deliberately included. It is especially suitable for plans, offers, groups, or services. The words can be confused because both seem similar to 'einschließen' (to include / enclose). As a simple guide: things are contained in something; people, services, or points are often included in an offer or a plan.
Das neue Programm inkludiert auch Menschen, die noch wenig Deutsch sprechen.
The new program also includes people who speak little German.
Die E-Mail enthält alle wichtigen Termine für nächste Woche.
The email contains all the important dates for next week.