Jew
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Jew
A person who belongs to the Jewish people or the Jewish cultural community. Belonging can be defined by descent, especially from a Jewish mother, or by conversion.
Albert Einstein war ein weltberühmter Jude, der aus Deutschland fliehen musste.
Albert Einstein was a world-famous Jew who had to flee Germany.
This word has a very complex and painful history in Germany. It should always be used with respect and with awareness of the historical context, since it describes a profound personal and collective identity.
Im Schulunterricht lernen wir über das Leben der Juden in Europa vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg.
In school lessons, we learn about the lives of Jews in Europe before the Second World War.
The word 'Jude' (Jew) is usually used as a noun that identifies a person, often after the verb 'sein' (to be), e.g. 'Er ist Jude' (He is Jewish / He is a Jew). It is not placed directly before another noun like an adjective.
Mein Nachbar ist Jude und feiert Chanukka mit seiner Familie.
My neighbor is Jewish and celebrates Hanukkah with his family.
To describe religious orientation, the word is often combined with adjectives such as 'gläubiger' (devout), 'orthodoxer' (Orthodox), 'liberaler' (liberal), or 'säkularer' (secular) Jude.
Er ist ein liberaler Jude und engagiert sich in seiner Gemeinde.
He is a liberal Jew and is active in his community.
Jewish woman
'der Jude' and 'die Jüdin' both refer to a person who is Jewish, meaning someone who belongs to the Jewish religion, origin, or community. The most important difference is gender: 'der Jude' is used for a man, while 'die Jüdin' is used for a woman or girl. They can be confused because both belong to the same group and only the form is different. In specific sentences, you should choose the appropriate masculine or feminine form.
Mein Nachbar ist Jude und feiert im Herbst wichtige jüdische Feiertage.
My neighbor is Jewish and celebrates important Jewish holidays in the fall.
Sofia ist Jüdin und erzählt im Kurs von den Traditionen ihrer Familie.
Sofia is Jewish and tells the class about her family's traditions.