to capitulate
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to capitulate
In a military sense, to lay down one's weapons and surrender to the enemy; to give up the fight.
Nach wochenlanger Belagerung war die Armee gezwungen zu kapitulieren.
After weeks of siege, the army was forced to capitulate.
'Kapitulieren' (to capitulate) is a verb ending in '-ieren'. These verbs are always regular and form the perfect tense with 'haben' (to have) and the past participle without 'ge-'. So it is 'hat kapituliert' (has capitulated).
Er hat nach nur einer Stunde vor dem Computerspiel kapituliert.
He gave up on the computer game after only one hour.
When saying what someone capitulates or gives up in the face of, you use the preposition 'vor' with the dative. This applies to both the military and the figurative meaning.
Die Mannschaft kapitulierte vor dem überlegenen Gegner.
The team capitulated to the superior opponent.
In everyday language, 'kapitulieren' (to capitulate / to give up) is very often used figuratively. It then means that you give up on a difficult task, problem, or challenge.
Nach zwei Stunden habe ich vor dem komplizierten Mathe-Rätsel kapituliert.
After two hours, I gave up on the complicated math puzzle.
You can tell from the context whether the literal or figurative meaning is intended. Words like 'Armee' (army), 'Feind' (enemy), or 'Krieg' (war) point to the military meaning. Words like 'Aufgabe' (task), 'Problem' (problem), or 'Lernstoff' (study material) point to the figurative meaning.
Die Soldaten mussten nach langer Belagerung kapitulieren.
The soldiers had to capitulate after a long siege.
to fight
'kämpfen' and 'kapitulieren' form a clear contrast. Someone who 'kämpft' resists or keeps working toward a goal. Someone who 'kapituliert' gives up the fight. This can be meant in a military sense, when an army surrenders. But it can also be meant figuratively, when someone gives up in the face of a difficult task. So 'kämpfen' emphasizes continuing despite resistance; 'kapitulieren' emphasizes giving up because you can no longer continue or see no way out.
Vor dem kaputten Drucker kapituliert Herr Fischer nach einer Stunde.
Faced with the broken printer, Mr. Fischer gives up after an hour.
Im Büro kämpft Herr Kaya mit einem schwierigen Technikproblem.
At the office, Mr. Kaya is struggling with a difficult technical problem.