crater
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crater
A funnel-shaped depression in the Earth's surface that was formed by a volcanic eruption, a meteorite impact, or a large explosion.
Man kann bis zum Rand des Vulkans wandern und in den Krater blicken.
You can hike up to the edge of the volcano and look into the crater.
You can recognize the meaning from the context. Words like 'Vulkan' (volcano), 'Mond' (moon), or 'Meteorit' (meteorite) point to the geological meaning. Words like 'Explosion' (explosion), 'Bombe' (bomb), or 'Baustelle' (construction site) indicate a hole created by destruction.
Die Astronauten sammelten Gesteinsproben aus einem Mondkrater.
The astronauts collected rock samples from a lunar crater.
The word 'Krater' (crater) is often the second part of compound nouns that describe the origin of the crater more precisely. Typical examples are 'Vulkankrater' (volcanic crater), 'Mondkrater' (lunar crater), or 'Einschlagskrater' (impact crater).
Der größte bekannte Einschlagskrater der Erde liegt in Südafrika.
The largest known impact crater on Earth is in South Africa.
In a geological context, 'Krater' (crater) is often used with verbs like 'hineinblicken' (to look into) or 'hinabsteigen' (to descend into). Adjectives like 'tief' (deep), 'riesig' (huge), or 'erloschen' (extinct) are also common.
Vom Wanderweg aus kann man sicher in den tiefen Krater blicken.
From the hiking trail, you can safely look into the deep crater.
When a crater is created by destruction, the verbs 'hinterlassen' (to leave behind), 'reißen' (to tear/open up), or 'verursachen' (to cause) are often used.
Der Meteorit hat bei seinem Einschlag einen gewaltigen Krater gerissen.
The meteorite tore open a massive crater when it struck.
hole
'das Loch' and 'der Krater' can both refer to a depression or opening in a surface. 'Loch' is the general word and works for small or large openings in many things, for example in a wall, in the ground, or in clothing. 'Krater' is more specific: it is usually large, round, or funnel-shaped and is formed by a volcano, a meteorite impact, an explosion, or severe destruction. Learners may confuse the words because a crater looks like a large hole. But not every hole is a crater. Use 'Krater' only when the shape and how it was formed fit.
Nach der Explosion blieb ein tiefer Krater in der Straße zurück.
After the explosion, a deep crater was left in the street.
Im Reifen ist ein kleines Loch, deshalb verliert das Fahrrad Luft.
There is a small hole in the tire, so the bicycle is losing air.