clutch / coupling
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clutch
A component in a vehicle with a manual transmission that separates or connects the engine and the transmission. Also refers to the pedal used to operate this mechanism.
Beim Anfahren musst du die Kupplung langsam kommen lassen.
When pulling away, you have to let the clutch out slowly.
'Die Kupplung' (the clutch/coupling) is the noun related to the verb 'kuppeln', which means 'to connect/couple'. This basic idea of connecting helps you understand both meanings: the connection between the engine and transmission in a car, as well as the connection between two technical parts.
Der Lokführer muss die Waggons sorgfältig kuppeln.
The train driver has to couple the cars carefully.
In connection with cars, fixed verbs are used: 'die Kupplung treten' or 'drücken' (to press the clutch) and 'die Kupplung kommen lassen' (to let the clutch out slowly).
Du musst die Kupplung ganz durchtreten, um den Gang zu wechseln.
You have to press the clutch all the way down to change gear.
The meaning is usually clear. If people are talking about cars, driving, or transmissions, it means the car part. If it is about trains, pipes, or machines, it means the technical connecting device.
Die Kupplung des Anhängers rastete mit einem lauten Klicken ein.
The trailer's coupling locked into place with a loud click.
connection / association
'Verbindung' and 'Kupplung' can both mean, in a technical context, that two parts are connected to each other. 'Verbindung' is the more general word here. It can be about electricity, data, a telephone call, or a technical line. 'Kupplung' is more specific: it is a particular component or device that connects or separates two parts, for example in a car or between railway cars. The words can be confused because both can refer to a technical connection. If you are speaking generally about contact or a connection, use 'Verbindung'. If you mean the component or the pedal, 'Kupplung' is correct.
Beim Anfahren muss Max die Kupplung langsam loslassen.
When pulling away, Max has to let the clutch out slowly.
Im Keller ist die Verbindung zum Internet seit gestern Abend gestört.
In the basement, the internet connection has been down since yesterday evening.