clutch / coupling
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clutch
A component in a vehicle with a manual transmission that separates or connects the engine and the transmission. Also refers to the pedal used to operate this mechanism.
Beim Anfahren musst du die Kupplung langsam kommen lassen.
When pulling away, you have to let the clutch out slowly.
coupling
A technical device that connects two parts, for example pipes, shafts, or railway cars.
Die Kupplung zwischen den beiden Waggons wurde sicher verriegelt.
The coupling between the two railway cars was securely locked.
'Die Kupplung' (the clutch/coupling) is the noun related to the verb 'kuppeln', which means 'to connect/couple'. This basic idea of connecting helps you understand both meanings: the connection between the engine and transmission in a car, as well as the connection between two technical parts.
Der Lokführer muss die Waggons sorgfältig kuppeln.
The train driver has to couple the cars carefully.
In connection with cars, fixed verbs are used: 'die Kupplung treten' or 'drücken' (to press the clutch) and 'die Kupplung kommen lassen' (to let the clutch out slowly).
Du musst die Kupplung ganz durchtreten, um den Gang zu wechseln.
You have to press the clutch all the way down to change gear.
The meaning is usually clear. If people are talking about cars, driving, or transmissions, it means the car part. If it is about trains, pipes, or machines, it means the technical connecting device.
Die Kupplung des Anhängers rastete mit einem lauten Klicken ein.
The trailer's coupling locked into place with a loud click.
connection / association
With two pipes, Verbindung usually refers to the connection that has been made or the point where they meet. Kupplung is more specifically the technical device that creates this connection. Verbindung fits the result; for the component used, Kupplung is the appropriate term.
Der Installateur setzt eine neue Kupplung zwischen die beiden Rohre.
The plumber installs a new coupling between the two pipes.
Nach der Reparatur ist die Verbindung zwischen den beiden Rohren wieder dicht.
After the repair, the connection between the two pipes is tight again.
