latter
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latter
Refers to the last-mentioned of two or more people or things.
Es gibt zwei Wege: über den Berg oder am Fluss entlang; der letztere Weg ist kürzer.
There are two routes: over the mountain or along the river; the latter route is shorter.
| basic form | letztere |
|---|
| masc. | fem. | neut. | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom. | - | - | - | -n |
| acc. | -n | - | - | -n |
| dat. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
| gen. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
Add the ending to letztere.
| masc. | fem. | neut. | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom. | -r | - | -s | -n |
| acc. | -n | - | -s | -n |
| dat. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
| gen. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
Add the ending to letztere.
| masc. | fem. | neut. | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom. | -r | - | -s | - |
| acc. | -n | - | -s | - |
| dat. | -m | -r | -m | -n |
| gen. | -n | -r | -n | -r |
Add the ending to letztere.
'Letztere' (the latter) can stand without a noun and is then capitalized. Its form depends on the noun it refers to; pay particular attention to whether one person or multiple people are meant.
Zur Wahl stehen eine Ärztin und eine Lehrerin; Letztere hat bereits zugesagt.
There are two candidates: a doctor and a teacher; the latter has already accepted.
Eingeladen sind die Eltern und die Kinder; Letztere dürfen kostenlos teilnehmen.
The parents and children are invited; the latter may participate free of charge.
You can also use 'Letzteres' (the latter) to refer to the last-mentioned action or possibility as a whole. You do not need a single noun as the word it refers to.
Wir könnten den Termin verschieben oder ganz absagen; Letzteres wäre für alle sehr ärgerlich.
We could postpone the appointment or cancel it altogether; the latter would be very annoying for everyone.
'Letztere' (the latter) is mainly used in factual and formal texts. Keep it as close as possible to the preceding list so that the reference remains clear.
Der Bericht untersucht die Kosten und die Risiken; Letztere werden im folgenden Abschnitt genauer beschrieben.
The report examines the costs and the risks; the latter are described in greater detail in the following section.
