mechanism
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mechanism
A technical system made up of several interacting parts that performs a specific movement or function, such as in a machine or a clock.
Der Mechanismus zum Öffnen des Fensters ist kaputt.
The mechanism for opening the window is broken.
mechanism
A process or sequence of cause and effect in a complex system, especially in biology, psychology, or society. It describes how something works or unfolds.
Die Forscher versuchen, die genauen Mechanismen der Krankheitsentstehung zu verstehen.
The researchers are trying to understand the exact mechanisms of disease development.
You can recognize the meaning from the context. If it is about technology, machines, or devices, the technical mechanism (m01) is meant. In scientific or psychological texts that deal with processes and effects, the abstract meaning (m02) is meant.
Der Mechanismus der alten Uhr ist sehr filigran.
The mechanism of the old clock is very delicate.
In the technical sense, 'Mechanismus' (mechanism) is often used with verbs such as 'funktionieren' (to function/work), 'klemmen' (to jam/stick), or 'reparieren' (to repair). Common adjectives are 'einfach' (simple), 'komplex' (complex), or 'automatisch' (automatic).
Der Schließmechanismus der Tür klemmt schon wieder.
The door's locking mechanism is sticking again.
In the figurative sense, 'Mechanismus' (mechanism) is often combined with adjectives that name the field. Typical examples are 'psychologische Mechanismen' (psychological mechanisms), 'biologische Mechanismen' (biological mechanisms), or 'soziale Mechanismen' (social mechanisms).
Die Forscher untersuchen die molekularen Mechanismen, die zur Zellalterung führen.
The researchers are studying the molecular mechanisms that lead to cell aging.
The word 'Mechanismus' (mechanism) belongs to a rather formal or technical register in both meanings. In everyday language, simpler words like 'Technik' (technology/technique), 'Funktion' (function), or 'Ablauf' (process/sequence) are often used.
In seinem Vortrag erläuterte er den Mechanismus der Photosynthese.
In his lecture, he explained the mechanism of photosynthesis.
principle
Both words can explain how a complex system works. „Das Prinzip“ refers more to the abstract underlying logic, while „der Mechanismus“ describes the specific sequence of causes and effects. If you are asking about the basic model, „Prinzip“ is appropriate; if you are describing the individual effects, „Mechanismus“ is more precise.
Der Mechanismus des Spiels sorgt dafür, dass jeder Zug die nächste Runde auslöst.
The game’s mechanism ensures that each move triggers the next round.
Das Prinzip des Spiels ist einfach: Wer zuerst das Ziel erreicht, gewinnt.
The principle of the game is simple: whoever reaches the finish first wins.
