replica / reconstruction
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replica
A copy or replica of an original, often made in the original size and with great attention to detail. This can refer to buildings, vehicles, works of art, or technical devices.
Im Museum steht ein originalgetreuer Nachbau des ersten Automobils von Carl Benz.
In the museum there is a faithful replica of Carl Benz's first automobile.
The word consists of the prefix 'nach-' and the noun 'Bau' (construction). It describes a construction that was built 'nach' (after/based on) an original or 'gemäß' (according to) a model.
Der Nachbau der alten Brücke sieht genauso aus wie das Original.
The replica of the old bridge looks exactly like the original.
'Der Nachbau' (the replica/reconstruction) is the noun form of the separable verb 'nachbauen' (to replicate/recreate). When someone recreates something, the result is a 'Nachbau' (replica).
Es ist verboten, dieses Produkt einfach nachzubauen.
It is forbidden simply to copy this product.
You can recognize the meaning from the context: If people are talking about the finished object, it means the copy. If the duration or effort is being described, it means the process of copying or recreating.
Der Nachbau des Wikingerschiffs kann im Hafen besichtigt werden.
The replica of the Viking ship can be viewed in the harbor.
When referring to the copy, the quality of the replication is often described with adjectives such as 'originalgetreu' (faithful to the original), 'detailgetreu' (accurate in detail), or 'maßstabsgetreu' (to scale).
Das Museum zeigt einen originalgetreuen Nachbau der Höhlenmalereien.
The museum displays a faithful replica of the cave paintings.
model
'das Modell' and 'der Nachbau' can both be a representation of something real. A model, however, is often smaller or simplified and is used for showing, planning, or explaining. A replica is more like a copy of an original, often in the original size or very true to detail. The words can be confusing when something like a building, car, or ship is recreated. If it is about a small or simplified version, people usually say 'Modell'. If the copy is meant to be as much like the original as possible, 'Nachbau' fits better.
Der Nachbau des alten Schiffes steht heute im Hafen.
The replica of the old ship is now in the harbor.
Im Kurs betrachten wir ein Modell des neuen Bahnhofs.
In the course, we look at a model of the new train station.