Ottoman
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Ottoman
Refers to the Ottoman Empire (ca. 1299–1922), its dynasty, its culture, its administration, or its inhabitants.
Die osmanische Armee belagerte Wien im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert.
The Ottoman army besieged Vienna in the 16th and 17th centuries.
The adjective 'osmanisch' (Ottoman) is derived from the name 'Osman' (the founder of the dynasty) with the ending '-isch'. This pattern is common in German for showing affiliation.
Die Ausstellung zeigt Kunst aus der osmanischen Zeit.
The exhibition shows art from the Ottoman period.
Adjectives derived from geographical names or personal names with the ending '-isch' are written in lowercase in German. So it is 'die osmanische Kultur' (Ottoman culture), not 'die Osmanische Kultur'.
Wir lernten im Geschichtsunterricht über die osmanische Verwaltung.
We learned about Ottoman administration in history class.
The adjective is often used in fixed combinations. The best-known is 'das Osmanische Reich' (the Ottoman Empire). Other common combinations are 'osmanische Architektur' (Ottoman architecture), 'osmanische Kultur' (Ottoman culture), or 'osmanische Herrschaft' (Ottoman rule).
Istanbul ist voller beeindruckender osmanischer Architektur.
Istanbul is full of impressive Ottoman architecture.
Turkish
'türkisch' and 'osmanisch' can both have to do with the region, culture, and history of present-day Turkey. 'türkisch' is used for modern Turkey, its language, people, and culture. 'osmanisch' refers to the Ottoman Empire and therefore to a historical period up to the beginning of the 20th century. The words can be confused because the Ottoman Empire is closely connected with Turkish history. For modern things, you normally say 'türkisch'. For history, administration, art, or texts from the period of the Ottoman Empire, 'osmanisch' is more precise.
Im Museum sehen wir osmanische Münzen aus dem 18. Jahrhundert.
In the museum, we see Ottoman coins from the 18th century.
Meine Kollegin spricht Türkisch und hilft dem Kunden beim Formular.
My colleague speaks Turkish and helps the customer with the form.