ruling
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ruling
Describes a person, party, or group that currently exercises political power in a country or region and forms the government.
Der regierende Bürgermeister eröffnete die neue U-Bahn-Linie.
The ruling mayor opened the new subway line.
'regierend' (ruling) is the present participle of the verb 'regieren' (to govern/rule). It is used like an adjective and describes a person or group that is carrying out the action of governing right now.
Die regierende Koalition hat neue Gesetze beschlossen.
The ruling coalition has passed new laws.
This adjective almost always stands directly before a noun (attributive use). Using it alone at the end of a sentence is very rare and often sounds unnatural.
Der regierende Fürst von Monaco hält heute eine Rede.
The ruling prince of Monaco is giving a speech today.
'regierend' (ruling) is mainly used in political contexts. Common combinations are 'die regierende Partei' (the ruling party), 'die regierende Koalition' (the ruling coalition), or 'der regierende Bürgermeister' (the ruling/governing mayor).
Die Umfragewerte für die regierende Partei sind gesunken.
The poll numbers for the ruling party have fallen.
prevailing / ruling
'herrschend' and 'regierend' can both describe people or groups that have political power. 'regierend' is more precise when a party, government, or person is currently officially governing. 'herrschend' can also be meant politically, but it sounds broader and can more strongly suggest power over others. The words can be confused because both have to do with government and power. In news about the current government, 'regierend' often fits. When speaking generally about the group with power, 'herrschend' can fit.
Die regierende Partei stellt den neuen Finanzminister vor.
The ruling party introduces the new finance minister.
Die herrschende Klasse hatte damals großen Einfluss auf das Leben der Menschen.
The ruling class had a major influence on people's lives at that time.