sheikh
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sheikh
A traditional Arabic title for the leader of a family, tribe, or village. The title is also used as an honorific for an Islamic scholar or an older, wise man.
Der Scheich wurde von den Stammesmitgliedern um Rat in einer wichtigen Angelegenheit gebeten.
The sheikh was asked by the members of the tribe for advice on an important matter.
The meaning depends heavily on the context. In serious, political, or cultural reports about the Arab world, it refers to a leader or scholar. In colloquial stories about wealth and luxury, it refers to the stereotypical figure of a rich man.
Der Scheich vermittelte im Konflikt zwischen den beiden Familien.
The sheikh mediated in the conflict between the two families.
The meaning 'reicher Mann' (rich man) is colloquial and often stereotypical. It can sound ironic or slightly derogatory because it reduces a person to their wealth.
Für eine Nacht in diesem Hotel muss man wohl ein Scheich sein.
For one night in this hotel, you probably have to be a sheikh.
A very common expression is 'sich aufführen wie ein Scheich' (to act like a sheikh) or 'leben wie ein Scheich' (to live like a sheikh). This describes an extremely luxurious and wasteful lifestyle.
Im Urlaub hat er sich aufgeführt wie ein Scheich und jeden Abend alle eingeladen.
On vacation, he acted like a sheikh and invited everyone out every evening.
sultan
'der Sultan' and 'der Scheich' can be confused because both can be titles from Islamic or Arabic-influenced contexts. A sultan is a monarchical ruler, especially in historical or state-related contexts. A sheikh is more of a traditional Arabic title for a leader, a scholar, or an older, respected man. Colloquially, 'Scheich' is sometimes also used stereotypically for a very rich man from an Arab oil state. If the context is a state and a ruler's title, 'Sultan' often fits. If the context is tribal leadership, religious authority, or stereotypical everyday speech, 'Scheich' is more likely to fit.
Der Scheich sprach mit den Familien des Dorfes über den Streit.
The sheikh spoke with the village families about the dispute.
Der Sultan empfing die Gäste im alten Palast.
The sultan received the guests in the old palace.