so-called
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so-called
Used to introduce a term, often with a distancing or skeptical attitude. It suggests that the speaker considers the term inaccurate or is merely quoting it.
Der sogenannte Experte konnte keine einzige Frage richtig beantworten.
The so-called expert could not answer a single question correctly.
'Sogenannt' (so-called) is the past participle of 'so nennen' (to call that). It literally means 'called that' and is used to mark a term or name for something.
Man nennt diese Wolken so, weil sie wie Federn aussehen.
These clouds are called that because they look like feathers.
'Sogenannt' (so-called) is used like a normal adjective directly before a noun and must be declined. It almost never stands alone at the end of a sentence.
Er hat sich ein sogenanntes E-Bike gekauft.
He bought himself a so-called e-bike.
You can often recognize the skeptical meaning from context that contains criticism or irony. In spoken language, the stress of the word is also changed to express distance.
Sein sogenannter Freund hat ihn einfach allein gelassen.
His so-called friend simply left him alone.
In neutral, often technical or explanatory texts, 'sogenannt' (so-called) introduces a term that is then defined more precisely. An explanation often follows with 'also' (that is), 'das heißt' (that means), or a relative clause.
Das Gerät misst die sogenannte Luftfeuchtigkeit, also den Wasseranteil in der Luft.
The device measures the so-called humidity, that is, the amount of water in the air.
mentioned / called
'genannt' and 'sogenannt' can both make a designation more precise. 'genannt' is neutral: it simply says what something is called or what is being referred to. 'sogenannt' also introduces a designation, but it can show distance. It is sometimes used when you are only quoting the expression or do not find it entirely fitting. But it can also be neutral, especially with technical terms. The words can be confused because both can come before a noun. If you only want to clearly say which name is meant, 'genannt' is a better fit. If you are explaining a term or distancing yourself somewhat from the term, 'sogenannt' is more likely to fit.
Bei der Prüfung müssen wir den sogenannten Sicherheitstest erklären.
In the exam, we have to explain the so-called safety test.
Der genannte Verkäufer ist heute nicht im Laden.
The mentioned salesperson is not in the store today.