probe
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space probe
An unmanned technical device or spacecraft that is sent out to measure and explore distant or inaccessible places, such as space or the deep sea.
Die Raumsonde „Voyager 1“ hat inzwischen unser Sonnensystem verlassen.
The space probe 'Voyager 1' has now left our solar system.
The exact meaning of 'Sonde' (probe) almost always depends on the context. Pay attention to the accompanying words: 'Raum' (space) or 'Planet' point to space travel, 'Magen' (stomach) or 'Arzt' (doctor) to medicine, and 'Temperatur' (temperature) or 'messen' (to measure) to a technical measuring device.
Die Sonde hat den Mars erreicht.
The probe has reached Mars.
In the context of space travel, the compound 'Raumsonde' (space probe) is often used. Typical verbs are 'eine Sonde starten' (to launch a probe), 'eine Sonde schicken' (to send a probe), or 'die Sonde sendet Daten' (the probe sends data).
Die NASA plant, eine neue Sonde zum Jupiter zu schicken.
NASA is planning to send a new probe to Jupiter.
In the medical field, typical compounds are 'Magensonde' (stomach tube) or 'Ernährungssonde' (feeding tube). Common verbs are 'eine Sonde legen' (to place a tube/probe), 'eine Sonde einführen' (to insert a tube/probe), or 'jemanden über eine Sonde ernähren' (to feed someone through a tube).
Nach der Operation musste er künstlich über eine Sonde ernährt werden.
After the operation, he had to be fed artificially through a tube.
In technical measurements, 'Sonde' (probe/sensor) is often combined with the value being measured, e.g. 'Temperatursonde' (temperature probe) or 'pH-Sonde' (pH probe). The typical verb is 'messen mit einer Sonde' (to measure with a probe).
Der Techniker hat die Wasserqualität mit einer speziellen Sonde gemessen.
The technician measured the water quality with a special probe.
satellite
'der Satellit' and 'die Sonde' can both be technical devices in space. A 'Satellit' orbits a planet or another celestial body, often for communication, weather, or navigation. A 'Sonde' is sent out to measure or explore something, for example a planet or outer space. They can be confused because both can be unmanned and send data. Pay attention to the task: an orbit and a service for Earth fit better with 'Satellit'; research and measurement in distant places fit better with 'Sonde'.
Die Sonde misst die Temperatur auf dem Mars und sendet die Daten zur Erde.
The probe measures the temperature on Mars and sends the data to Earth.
Der Satellit liefert neue Bilder vom Wetter über Europa.
The satellite provides new images of the weather over Europe.