
der Termin
appointment
A fixed point in time for a meeting, appointment, or event.
Ich habe morgen um 10 Uhr einen Termin beim Zahnarzt.
I have an appointment at the dentist tomorrow at 10 o'clock.
appointment / deadline
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appointment
A fixed point in time for a meeting, appointment, or event.
Ich habe morgen um 10 Uhr einen Termin beim Zahnarzt.
I have an appointment at the dentist tomorrow at 10 o'clock.

deadline
A deadline by which something must be completed or submitted.
Der letzte Termin für die Abgabe der Steuererklärung ist der 31. Juli.
The final deadline for submitting the tax return is July 31.
You can often tell from the context whether an appointment or a deadline is meant. If 'Termin' (appointment/deadline) is connected with a person or place, e.g., 'beim Arzt' (at the doctor's) or 'mit dem Kunden' (with the client), it is an appointment. If it is about a task, e.g., 'für die Abgabe' (for submission), it is a deadline.
Mein Termin mit dem Anwalt ist um 15 Uhr.
My appointment with the lawyer is at 3 p.m.
For appointments, 'Termin' (appointment) is often used with the verbs 'haben' (to have), 'vereinbaren' (or 'machen') (to arrange/make), 'verschieben' (to postpone), and 'absagen' (to cancel).
Können wir für nächste Woche einen neuen Termin vereinbaren?
Can we arrange a new appointment for next week?
To say whom you have an appointment with or where you have an appointment, you use the prepositions 'bei' + dative (often for doctors, offices) or 'mit' + dative (for people).
Ich habe heute Nachmittag einen Termin bei meiner Friseurin.
I have an appointment with my hairdresser this afternoon.
When 'Termin' means a deadline, typical verbs are 'einhalten' (to meet/keep), 'verpassen' (to miss), or 'setzen' (to set).
Alle Mitarbeiter müssen den Abgabetermin für den Bericht einhalten.
All employees must meet the submission deadline for the report.
to meet / to hit
Both words can refer to a planned gathering. Treffen mainly describes the coming together itself, while der Termin emphasizes the set time or the fact that it has been formally scheduled. Use treffen when talking about the people and being together; use der Termin when talking about the time or the planning.

Unser Termin im Café ist morgen um zehn Uhr.
Our appointment at the café is tomorrow at ten o'clock.
Wir treffen uns morgen im Café mit unseren Freunden.
We're meeting our friends at the café tomorrow.